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Association of Zinc Status with Matrix Metalloproteinases, Advanced Glycation End-Products, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

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Abstract

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertension trigger the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Zinc is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and a possible role in regulating blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of serum zinc with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and blood pressure in patients with CKD. This cross-sectional study included 90 patients with CKD. Serum zinc and the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, AGEs, and creatinine were measured using validated biochemical methods. Three 24-h food recalls were completed to evaluate dietary zinc intake. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Participants’ mean age was 60.68 ± 8.81 years. The prevalence of zinc deficiency in our participants was 10%. Serum zinc was negatively correlated with MMP-9 (r =  − 0.231, p = 0.032) and creatinine (r =  − 0.304, p = 0.004). However, after adjusting for confounding variables, the association between serum zinc and MMP-9 was near the significance level (β =  − 0.174, p = 0.09) and zinc remained in the model as one of the predictors. Serum zinc was positively correlated with the dietary intake of zinc (r = 0.241, p = 0.025) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.259, p = 0.015). In conclusion, our results showed that serum zinc might be one of the predictors of serum MMP-9 in patients with CKD. In addition, serum zinc was positively associated with its dietary intake and eGFR. Future longitudinal studies or clinical trials are required to reveal any causal association between zinc status and profibrotic or inflammatory biomarkers among patients with CKD.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the rules and regulations of the Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases at the Kashan University of Medical Science, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences and the Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Also, this work was a part of the M.Sc. thesis of Abbas Mohtashamian, the student of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

Funding

This work was supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (grant number: 400054).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Abbas Mohtashamian

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Alireza Soleimani & Seyed Masoud Moeini Taba

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Hamid Reza Gilasi

  4. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-734741, Iran

    Nejat Kheiripour & Nasrin Sharifi

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  1. Abbas Mohtashamian
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Nasrin Sharifi, Abbas Mohtashamian, Alireza Soleimani, Hamid Reza Gilasi, Seyed Masoud Moeini Taba, and Nejat Kheiripour. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Abbas Mohtashamian and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nasrin Sharifi.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1400.065).

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Mohtashamian, A., Soleimani, A., Gilasi, H.R. et al. Association of Zinc Status with Matrix Metalloproteinases, Advanced Glycation End-Products, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 4275–4285 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03524-9

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