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A Probabilistic-Deterministic Approach Towards Human Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Some Contaminated Fish Species

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Abstract

Contamination of fish species with potential toxic elements (PTEs) has caught the prime attention globally including Bangladesh. The present study enlightened on the accumulation, origin, and associated health implications of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb, and Cr in ten varieties of fish species collected from the heavily polluted river Buriganga. Levels of PTEs in the studied fish species were found within the legislative value suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) except for Fe, Cu, Zn, and Hg and can be assembled as Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Hg > As > Pb. The origin of PTEs in fish species apportioned mostly anthropogenic coupled with natural sources. Among the anthropogenic sources, industrial wastewater, recycling of leaded and lithium-ion batteries, metallurgical industries, shipyards, tannery, cosmetics, and chemical industries are the major contributors. This study identified children are exposed to As and Zn as their estimated targeted hazard quotient (THQ) value exceeded the threshold limit of safety, whereas adults are exposed to As only. The estimated, hazard index (HI) for children was found more than four times of adults; however, both the population groups are in vulnerable situation considering HI value (HI > 1), indicating possible non-carcinogenic health risk. Moreover, cumulative cancer risk TCR appraised that all the fish species exceeded the threshold limit of > 1E-03 for children and > 1E-04 for adults, which are level VII and level V contamination state for child and adult, respectively, and manifested consumption of the studied fishes arises a high probability for lifetime cancer risk.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available within the text.

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Acknowledgements

The authors highly acknowledged the assistance of the stuff members of the Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Yeasmin N. Jolly, Jamiul Kabir, Shirin Akter & Khan M. Mamun

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Sadia A. Surovi & Sheikh M. Mizanur Rahman

  3. Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Arafat Rahman

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  1. Yeasmin N. Jolly
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Contributions

Yeasmin N. Jolly: conceptualization, designing, supervision, visualization, writing (review and editing), final approval of the manuscript; Sadia A. Surovi: sample collection, preparation, and analysis; Shrin Akter, Jamiul Kabir, Khan M. Mamun: sample and data analysis; Arafat Rahman: statistical analysis and editing; Sheikh M. Mizanur Rahman: supervision.

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Correspondence to Yeasmin N. Jolly.

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Jolly, Y.N., Surovi, S.A., Rahman, S.M.M. et al. A Probabilistic-Deterministic Approach Towards Human Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Some Contaminated Fish Species. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 1996–2010 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03274-8

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