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Probabilistic health risk assessment of toxic metals in chickens from the largest production areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Abstract

Chicken is one of the major protein sources and more affordable for the population of Bangladesh. Its quality monitoring is of high priority for food safety and public health risk assessment. This study determined metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cr, Sr, Hg, and Pb) in chickens from different farms of a high production area of Dhaka, Bangladesh, using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to calculate the health risk through chickens consumption. In most cases, the toxic metals (As, Ni, Cr, Hg, and Pb) showed very high concentrations in different parts of chickens, especially livers that contained several times higher concentrations than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Analytical results showed some feed and water contain high concentrations of As and Cr that might be bioaccumulated in chicken. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for all metals was below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values except As and Fe in few farms. Target hazard quotients (THQs) for most metals were less than 1 but THQs of As and Cr of few farms were higher than 1, indicating that the consumer would possess As- and Cr-based health hazards. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of 42% for composite and 36% for body parts samples were > 1, suggesting potential health risk. The probabilistic risk and individual samples cancer risk (TR) were exceeded the acceptable level (10−4) for As and 75% of composite and 58% of body parts of chicken showed acceptable limit (10−6 to 10−4) for Pb, indicating that the peoples might be exposed to lifetime cancer risk in the long run.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka, for providing logistic and technical support. Nur Hossain would like to extend gratitude to Dr. Shirin Akhter and Md. Jamiul Kabir for their kind support and suggestions during the experiment at Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Md. Morshedul Haque, Nur Hossain & Shafi M. Tareq

  2. Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Center, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Yeasmin N. Jolly

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  1. Md. Morshedul Haque
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Contributions

Md. Morshedul Haque: wrote the draft manuscript; performed data analysis

Nur Hossain: field survey and sampling; performed chemical analysis

Yeasmin N. Jolly: contributed analytical tools and chemicals

Shafi M. Tareq: supervised and revised the draft manuscript; conceived and designed the analysis

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Md. Morshedul Haque or Shafi M. Tareq.

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The studies were reviewed and approved by the Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Even data were anonymized, the participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

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Haque, M.M., Hossain, N., Jolly, Y.N. et al. Probabilistic health risk assessment of toxic metals in chickens from the largest production areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 51329–51341 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13534-0

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