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Boric Acid Reverses Nicotine-Induced Cytokine Expressions of Human Gingival Fibroblasts

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Abstract

Nicotine, the major bioactive ingredient in tobacco, is a major risk factor for periodontal disease and destruction. Nicotine has been shown to stimulate the production of cytokines that are priming agents for inflammation that induces tissue destruction, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, by gingival keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Boron as boric acid has been found to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines in cells with inflammatory stress. Thus, a study was performed to determine whether boric acid reverses negative effects of nicotine on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The viability and cytokine expressions of HGFs cultured for 24 and 72 h in control medium with no nicotine or boric acid added and in media containing only nicotine, only boric acid, or a combination of BA and nicotine were determined. Nicotine in concentrations of 10−1, 10−2, 10−3,10−4, 10−5, and 10–6 mM significantly reduced cell viability compared to the control. Boric acid at 10 and 50 ng/mL in the media partially restored and 100 ng/mL in the media fully restored the nicotine-depressed HGF cell viability to the same level as the control group. Nicotine elevated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 and decreased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in HGFs at 24 and 72 h. Boric acid at 100 ng/mL in the medium prevented the changes induced by nicotine alone. The findings indicate that boric acid can inhibit or reverse nicotine-induced pathology in periodontal tissue and thus may help maintain oral and periodontal health in tobacco users.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey

    Serife Buket Bozkurt

  2. Research Nutritionist Consultant, 3000 Belmont Road, Grand Forks, ND, USA

    Forrest H. Nielsen

  3. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Sema S. Hakki

  4. School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Sema S. Hakki

Authors
  1. Serife Buket Bozkurt
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  2. Forrest H. Nielsen
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  3. Sema S. Hakki
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Correspondence to Serife Buket Bozkurt.

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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry (2008/145) of Selcuk University. Informed consent was obtained individuals providing explant cultures of gingiva.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Bozkurt, S.B., Nielsen, F.H. & Hakki, S.S. Boric Acid Reverses Nicotine-Induced Cytokine Expressions of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 1174–1180 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03243-1

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