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Iodine Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women After 14 Years of Lipiodol Supplementation: a Cross-Sectional Study in Historically Iodine-Deficient Areas of China

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Abstract

Southern Xinjiang has a history of serious iodine deficiency. Since 2007, pregnant women in this area have taken iodized salt and oral lipiodol preparations to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. However, the current status of iodine nutrition and thyroid function in this population is unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 555 pregnant women from 5 counties (cities) in southern Xinjiang and 429 pregnant women from 3 counties in northern Xinjiang. The participants were given a questionnaire and serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropic stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and the urine iodine concentration (UIC) was measured. The median UIC and interquartile range [M (IQR)] of the 984 pregnant women in the study was 189.38 (143.15, 288.77) μg/L. Positive Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab titers were detected in 6.74% and 9.55%, 8.30% and 9.84%, and 7.39% and 10.55% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, and isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women in areas where lipiodol pills were taken was 4.32%, 0%, and 1.44%, respectively, which was significantly lower than those in areas where lipiodol pills were not taken. The median UIC (IQR) of pregnant women in the two regions was 213.80 (130.44, 331.77) μg/L and 168.30 (155.0, 254.8) μg/L, the UIC of pregnant women who took lipiodol pills was higher than in those who did not take lipiodol pills, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to WHO standards, all pregnant women in southern Xinjiang are in a state of adequate iodine nutrition. Taking lipiodol pills has improved the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in this area. The results of this study did not find that oral lipiodol pills had adverse effects on pregnant women’s thyroid function, but it is necessary to further study the effect of oral lipiodol pills on the offspring.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all pregnant women who participated in this study and the physicians and nurses involved in data collection and patient care. We also thank the Department of Endemic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, for their help during the survey, measurements of UIC, and thyroid function assessments.

Funding

This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang, China (81560520 and 82160650).

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Author notes

  1. Tayier Rishalaiti and Chenchen Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Rishalaiti Tayier

  2. Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China

    Chenchen Wang, Pinjiang Ma & Ling Zhang

  3. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Yimu Yuan

  4. Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Yuxia Zhang

  5. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China

    Shunhua Wu

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  1. Rishalaiti Tayier
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Contributions

Ling Zhang and Shunhua Wu designed the study; Tayier Rishalaiti, Chenchen Wang, Yimu Yuan, Pinjiang Ma, and Yuxia Zhang conducted the research; Tayier Rishalaiti analyzed the data; and Tayier Rishalaiti and Chenchen Wang wrote the manuscript. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Shunhua Wu or Ling Zhang.

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Tayier, R., Wang, C., Ma, P. et al. Iodine Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women After 14 Years of Lipiodol Supplementation: a Cross-Sectional Study in Historically Iodine-Deficient Areas of China. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 14–22 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03123-8

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