Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cadmium Sub-Lethal Concentration Effect on Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Mystus seenghala (Sykes, 1839)

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current study aims to assess the cadmium sub-lethal concentration influence on growth and haematological and biochemical parameters of Mystus seenghala. A total of 60 fish of three different length groups (20 each) were collected from Head Qadirabad, Pakistan. The fish were treated to the sub-lethal concentration viz. one-third of LC50, for 16 weeks except for the control groups. Water quality parameters were kept constant during the entire course of the research, and the major parameters were measured as temperature (28.03 ± 0.03 °C), DO (5.82 ± 0.14 mg L−1), pH (8.00 ± 0.01) and total hardness (249.98 ± 0.01 mg L−1). Findings revealed that the growth of three treated variant length groups was affected negatively by cadmium exposure and showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower average wet weight, body length and condition factor as compared to control groups, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increases by increasing the exposure duration. The haematological parameters including values of Hct, Hb and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all Cd-treated groups than control groups, whereas the level of MCH and MCV were significantly higher, but no significant difference was found in the value of RBCs in all treated groups. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, total lipid and glucose level in Cd exposure groups were significantly higher, while the total protein level was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all treated groups as compared to control groups. From the current study, it has been concluded that the growth, haematology and biochemical parameters are important indicators of ecotoxicology particularly contamination of the cadmium and health of the fish.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Ghiasi F, Mirzargar SS, Badakhshan H, Shamsi S (2010) Effects of low concentration of cadmium on the level of lysozyme in serum, leukocyte count and phagocytic index in Cyprinus carpio under the wintering conditions. J Fish Aquat Sci 5:113–119. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2010.113.119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Paul D, Sinha SN (2013) Assessment of various heavy metals in surface water of polluted sites in the lower stretch of river Ganga, West Bengal: a study for ecological impact. Discov Nat 6:8–13

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff I, Mehmood K (2010) Effects of polluted water irrigation on environment and health of people in Jamber, District Kasur, Pakistan. Int J Sci Basic Appl 10:37–57

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gaber HS, El-Kasheif MA, Ibrahim SA, Authman M (2013) Effect of water pollution in El-Rahawy drainage canal on hematology and organs of freshwater fish. World Appl Sci J 21:329–341. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.3.71192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Medeiros RJ, dos Santos LMG, Freire AS, Santelli RE, Braga AMC, Krauss TM, Jacob SDC (2012) Determination of inorganic trace elements in edible marine fish from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Food Control 23:535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Meche A, Martins MC, Lofrano BE, Hardaway CJ, Merchant M, Verdade L (2010) Determination of heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry in fish from the Piracicaba River in Southern Brazil. Microchem J 94:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2009.10.018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kerambrun E, Henry F, Perrichon P, Courcot L, Meziane T, Spilmont N, Amara R (2012) Growth and condition indices of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, exposed to contaminated sediments: effects of metallic and organic compounds. Aquat toxicol 108:130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.07.016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fazio F (2019) Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture. Aquaculture 11:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Habib SS, Naz S, Nawaz S, Ameer I, Khatoon A, Rehman HU, Jawad SM, Ali H (2021) Comparative analysis of hematological parameters of some farmed and wild fish species. Pak J Zool. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20200124050118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jayaram KC (1999) The freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shafri M, Abdul Manan MJ (2012) Therapeutic potential of the haruan (Channa striatus): from food to medicinal uses. Malays J Nutr 18:125–136

  12. Javed M (2012) Growth responses of fish under chronic exposure of waterborne and dietary metals. Int J Agric Biol 14:281–285

  13. APHA AWWA (2012) WEF. (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22.

  14. Kesbiç OS (2019) Effects of juniper berry oil on growth performance and blood parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquac Res 50:342–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schaperclaus W, Kulow H, Schreckenbach K (1991) Hematological and serological technique. Oxonian Press, New Delhi, India

    Google Scholar 

  16. Goldenfarb PB, Bowyer FP, Hall T, Brosious E (1971) Reproducibility in the hematology laboratory: the microhematocrit determination. Am J Clin Pathol 56:35–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/56.1.35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Britton CJ, Whitby LE (1963) Disorders of the blood: diagnosis, pathology, treatment, technique. With a Chapter on 'The Cytochemistry of Haemopoiesis' by FG Hayhoe and a Chapter on 'Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion' by Geoffrey H. Tovey. Churchill.

  18. Landis WG, Yu M (2004) Introduction to environmental toxicology. CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  19. Trinder P (1969) Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem 6:24–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/000456326900600108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Henry RJ (1964) Colorimetric determination of total protein: clinical chemistry. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  21. Knight JA, Anderson S, Rawle JM (1972) Chemical basis of the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction for estimating total serum lipids. Clin chem 18:199–202. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.3.199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Reitman S, Frankel S (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. McRae NK, Gaw S, Glover CN (2018) Effects of waterborne cadmium on metabolic rate, oxidative stress, and ion regulation in the freshwater fish, inanga (Galaxias maculatus). Aquat Toxicol 194:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Almeida JA, Novelli ELB, Silva MDP, Júnior RA (2001) Environmental cadmium exposure and metabolic responses of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Pollut 114:169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00221-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Paul JS, Small BC (2021) Chronic exposure to environmental cadmium affects growth and survival, cellular stress, and glucose metabolism in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquat Toxicol 230:105705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Javed M (2015) Chronic dual exposure (waterborne+ dietary) effects of cadmium, zinc and copper on growth and their bioaccumulation in Cirrhina mrigala. Pak Vet J 35:143–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ayyat MS, Mahmoud HK, El-Hais AEAM, Abd El-Latif KM (2017) The role of some feed additives in fish fed on diets contaminated with cadmium. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:23636–23645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9986-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jezierska B, Ługowska K, Witeska M (2008) The effects of heavy metals on embryonic development of fish (a review). Fish Physiol Biochem 35:625–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9284-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ansari RA, Kaur M, Ahmad F, Rahman S, Rashid H, Islam F, Raisuddin S (2009) Genotoxic and oxidative stress-inducing effects of deltamethrin in the erythrocytes of a freshwater biomarker fish species, Channa punctata Bloch. Environ Toxicol: Int J 24:429–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tsai JW, Liao CM (2006) Mode of action and growth toxicity of arsenic to tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus can be determined bioenergetically. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50:144–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1054-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jabeen G, Javed M, Azmat H (2012) Assessment of heavy metals in the fish collected from the river Ravi, Pakistan. Pak Vet J 32:107–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Wassif ET, Naguib M (2011) Effects of cadmium on some haematological and biochemical characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) dietary supplemented with tomato paste and vitamin E. Fish Physiol Biochem 37:71–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-010-9418-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Debasmita S, Sahu S, Singh A, Mohapatra AK (2016) Hematotoxic effects of cadmium on fresh water cat fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Environ Monit Assess 187:172–187

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sharma J, Langer S (2014) Effect of manganese on haematological parameters of fish, Garra gotyla gotyla. J Entomol Zool Stud 2:77–81

    Google Scholar 

  35. Shalaby AME (2007) Effect of EDTA on toxicity reduction of cadmium in relation to growth, some haematological and biochemical profiles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Fish Aquatic Sci 2:100–109. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2007.100.109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. El-Boshy MES, Gadalla HA, El-Hamied FMA (2014) Immunological, hematological and biochemical changes induced by short term exposure to cadmium in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). J Coast Life Med 2:175–180. https://doi.org/10.12980/JCLM.2.2014J57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Fawole FJ, Adeoye AA, Tiamiyu LO, Ajala KI, Obadara SO, Ganiyu IO (2020) Substituting fishmeal with Hermetia illucens in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): effects on growth, nutrient utilization, haemato-physiological response, and oxidative stress biomarker. Aquaculture 518:734849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Svoboda M (2001) Stress in fish–review. Bul VURH Vodnany 37:69–191

    Google Scholar 

  39. Chen C, Wooster GA, Bowser PR (2004) Comparative blood chemistry and histopathology of tilapia infected with Vibrio vulnificus or Streptococcus iniae or exposed to carbon tetrachloride, gentamicin or copper sulfate. Aquaculture 239:421–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kumar K (2016) A review of heavy metals toxicological studies on mangur (Clarias batrachus) fish. Int J Eng Manag Res 6:577–583

    Google Scholar 

  41. Shalaby AME (2001) Protective effect of ascorbic acid against mercury intoxication in Nile tilapia (Oreochromius niloticus). J Egypt Acad Soc Environ Develop (D-Environ Study) 2:79–97

    Google Scholar 

  42. Makaras T, Razumienė J, Gurevičienė V, Šakinytė I, Stankevičiūtė M, Kazlauskienė N (2020) A new approach of stress evaluation in fish using β-d-glucose measurement in fish holding-water. Ecol Indic 109:105829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105829

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Islam SM, Rohani MF, Zabed SA, Islam MT, Jannat R, Akter Y, Shahjahan M (2020) Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Toxicol Rep 7:664–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Moniruzzaman M, Kumar S, Das D, Sarbajna A, Chakraborty SB (2020) Enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants and glucose metabolism enzymes response differently against metal stress in muscles of three fish species depending on different feeding niche. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 202:110954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy

    Francesco Fazio & Concetta Saoca

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, 40100, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Syed Sikandar Habib

  3. Institute of Molecular biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, 40100, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Saira Naz

  4. Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan

    Mehmood Ahmed Husnain Hashmi

  5. Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Mujeeb Ullah

Authors
  1. Francesco Fazio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Syed Sikandar Habib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saira Naz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mehmood Ahmed Husnain Hashmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Concetta Saoca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mujeeb Ullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco Fazio.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

All experimental trials were carried out under European legislation concerning the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (European Directive 2010/63), and the trial was registered with the University of Mianwali Fisheries Department under trial number UM/F/MS-112.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fazio, F., Habib, S.S., Naz, S. et al. Cadmium Sub-Lethal Concentration Effect on Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Mystus seenghala (Sykes, 1839). Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 2432–2438 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02852-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02852-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation