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Distribution and Transformation of Mercury in Subtropical Wild-Caught Seafood from the Southern Taiwan Strait

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Abstract

Wild-caught seafood contains significant amounts of mercury. Investigating the mercury accumulation levels in wild-caught seafood and analyzing its migration and transformation are of great value for assessing the health risks of mercury intake and for the tracking of mercury sources. We determined the concentrations and stable mercury isotopic compositions (δ202Hg, Δ199Hg, Δ200Hg, and Δ201Hg) of 104 muscle samples collected from 38 species of seafood typically harvested from the Taiwan Shallow Fishing Ground (TSFG), Southern Taiwan Strait. Overall, the concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) ranged from 11 to 479 ng/g (dry weight, dw) and 10 to 363 ng/g (dw), respectively, and were below the threshold value established by the USEPA and the Chinese government. Demersal and near-benthic species accumulated more mercury than pelagic or mesopelagic species. The characteristics of mercury isotopes in wild-caught marine species differed in terms of vertical and horizontal distribution. Considering the known peripheral land sources of mercury (Δ199Hg ≈ 0), the mercury in seafood from the TSFG (Δ199Hg > 0) did not originate from anthropogenic emissions. The ratio of Δ199Hg and Δ201Hg (1.18 ± 0.03) suggested that the photoreduction of Hg (II) and the photo-degradation of MeHg equally contributed to mass-independent fractionation. Based on the values of Δ199Hg/δ202Hg (1.18 ± 0.03), about 67% of the mercury in seawater had undergone microbial demethylation prior to methylation and entering the seafood. Additionally, the vertical distribution of Δ200Hg in seafood from different water depths implies that mercury input was in part caused by atmospheric deposition. Our results provide detailed information on the sources of mercury and its transfer in the food web in offshore fishing grounds.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. Cai Yingjie, who supported the sampling voyage on his own fishing vessel. We are indebted to Cheng Xue and Tiange Xu for their field sampling contributions and assistance with fish species identification. We would also like to thank Dr. Chen Yaojin and Dr. Huang Shuyuan for assistance with the use of MC-ICP-MS.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41406120) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2019J01035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Education Department of Fujian, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, 363105, China

    Lumin Sun, Weijia Chen, Liang Zhou, Changyi Lu & Yingjie Zheng

  2. Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China

    Lumin Sun, Weijia Chen, Dongxing Yuan & Changyi Lu

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Correspondence to Lumin Sun.

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Ethics Approval

All experiments have been conducted as per the guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Management and Ethics Committee, Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. All the fish samples used in this study were collected from the net fishing catch which were supplied by the owner of the commercial fishing trawler and were all not alive when received by the authors. In other words, the samples were part of the catch for sale. Therefore, research on these fish does not involve ethical clearance [69, 70]. In addition, the fishing process complied with internationally accepted methods and standards.

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Sun, L., Chen, W., Yuan, D. et al. Distribution and Transformation of Mercury in Subtropical Wild-Caught Seafood from the Southern Taiwan Strait. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 855–867 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02695-1

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