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A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators

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Abstract

Metals, many of which are potentially toxic, are present in the aquatic environment originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In these ecosystems, these elements are mostly deposited in the sediment, followed by water dissolution, potentially contaminating resident biota. Among several aquatic animals, crustaceans are considered excellent bioindicators, as they live in close contact with contaminated sediment. The accumulation of metal, whether they are classified as essential, when in excessive quantities or nonessential, not only cause damage to the health of these animals, but also to the man who consumes seafood. Among the main toxic elements to animal and human health are aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and silver. In this context, this systematic review aimed to investigate the dynamics of these metals in water, the main bioaccumulative tissues in crustaceans, the effects of these contaminants on animal and human health, and the regulatory limits for these metals worldwide. A total of 91 articles were selected for this review, and an additional 68 articles not found in the three assessed databases were considered essential and included, totaling 159 articles published between 2010 and 2020. Our results indicate that both chemical speciation and abiotic factors such as pH, oxygen and salinity in aquatic environments affect element bioavailability, dynamics, and toxicity. Among crustaceans, crabs are considered the main bioindicator biological system, with the hepatopancreas appearing as the main bioaccumulator organ. Studies indicate that exposure to these elements may result in nervous, respiratory, and reproductive system effects in both animals and humans. Finally, many studies indicate that the concentrations of these elements in crustaceans intended for human consumption exceed limits established by international organizations, both with regard to seafood metal contents and well as daily, weekly, or monthly intake limits set for humans, indicating consumer health risks.

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The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional files.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, E-26/201.167/2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24230-340, Brazil

    Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  2. Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil

    Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Lilian Seiko Kato & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  3. Agrarian Sciences Center, Department of Zootechnics, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil

    Rafaela Gomes Ferrari

  4. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil

    Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis

  5. National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil

    Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

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  1. Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
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  2. Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
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Contributions

Paloma A. Rodrigues: investigation, data curation, conceptualization, methodology, and writing—original draft preparation. Rafaela G. Ferrari: writing—draft preparation, conceptualization, reviewing, and editing. Lilian S. Kato: reviewing. Rachel A Houser-Davis: reviewing. Carlos A. Conte-Junior: reviewing and supervision.

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de Almeida Rodrigues, P., Ferrari, R.G., Kato, L.S. et al. A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 881–903 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02685-3

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