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Kidney Cadmium Concentrations in an Urban Sri Lankan Population: an Autopsy Study

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Abstract

Contamination and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in our geo-environment is a growing public health concern. Human biomonitoring is an essential step in assessing the population risk of chronic exposure to environmental contaminants. Whole kidneys collected from a cohort of 92 deceased individuals undergoing forensic autopsies in Colombo, Sri Lanka, were analysed for cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation using ICP-MS. Mean age of the population was 55.4 ± 15.4 years. Mean and median renal Cd concentrations of the total population were 4.38 and 2.60 μg g−1 w/w, respectively, which were below estimated toxic ranges. Males accumulated higher levels of Cd than females (p = 0.377). Cd concentrations were higher in the < 60 age group than the > 60 age group (p = 0.92), while the highest levels were reported in 51–60 age group. However, no significant correlation was found between renal Cd concentration and age (Ʈb = − 0.005, p = 0.94). Individuals who smoked, chewed betel or consumed alcohol were found to have elevated renal Cd concentrations in comparison to those who did not use these substances. This is the largest autopsy study on renal Cd bioaccumulation in Sri Lanka, and the findings do not indicate a high exposure risk to environmental Cd contamination at present.

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Data Availability

All data sheets and data acquisition forms including raw ICP-MS data are available with primary author and can be provided upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the academic and non-academic staff of department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC) for the technical support for sample processing and analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Council (NRC) of Sri Lanka (Grant No: 15–017).

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  1. Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No. 25, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka

    S. A. Gunawardena, M. Ranasinghe, T. Ranchamali, P. Dileka & J. W. Gunawardana

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  1. S. A. Gunawardena
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  2. M. Ranasinghe
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  3. T. Ranchamali
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Contributions

• Research idea, study design and data acquisition—SG, MR.

• Statistical analysis—SG, JG, TR, PD.

• Drafting of manuscript, reviewing and revisions—SG, MR, JG, TR, PD.

• Supervision and mentorship—SG, JG.

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Correspondence to S. A. Gunawardena.

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Ethical approval for this study was granted by Ethics Review Committee (ERC) of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka (No: EC 15-175).

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Samples were collected during the forensic autopsies with informed written consent from the next of kin with specific information given regarding publication of data.

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Gunawardena, S.A., Ranasinghe, M., Ranchamali, T. et al. Kidney Cadmium Concentrations in an Urban Sri Lankan Population: an Autopsy Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 4045–4054 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02541-w

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