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Fluoride Can Damage the Spleen of Mice by Perturbing Th1/Th2 Cell Balance

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Abstract

To investigate the mechanism of fluoride-induced splenic toxicity, 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) were administered in male mice via drinking water for 90 days. After NaF treatment, the histological structure of the spleen, the proportion of helper T 1 cell (Th1) and helper T 2 cell (Th2), and the relative expression levels of cytokines and T-bet and GATA3 were analyzed. The results showed that 50 and 100 mg/L NaF consumption can change the normal structure of mouse spleen and the proportion of Th1/Th2 cells. It also decreased the mRNA expression levels of IL-2, INF-γ, and TGF-β, but increased the levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. Importantly, fluoride increased the protein expression of GATA3 but decreased the expression of T-bet. Our findings indicate that superfluous fluoride intake damages the balance of Th1/Th2 cells by changing the levels of T-bet and GATA3 in the spleen, and further changes the expression of Th1/Th2 cell-related cytokines in the spleen microenvironment, eventually leading to spleen injury.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31672623) and Veterinary Environmental Lab (Shanxi Key Lab).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Yanyan Li, Xiaoping Du, Yangfei Zhao, Jinming Wang & Jundong Wang

  2. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People’s Republic of China

    Yanyan Li, Xiaoping Du, Yangfei Zhao, Jinming Wang & Jundong Wang

  3. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People’s Republic of China

    Yanyan Li, Xiaoping Du, Yangfei Zhao, Jinming Wang & Jundong Wang

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  1. Yanyan Li
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Correspondence to Jundong Wang.

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Li, Y., Du, X., Zhao, Y. et al. Fluoride Can Damage the Spleen of Mice by Perturbing Th1/Th2 Cell Balance. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 1493–1500 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02264-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02264-y

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