Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Do Heavy Metals Accumulated in Saliva Involve in the Etiopathogenesis of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis?

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of oral mucosa characterized by recurrent painful ulcers. Although many factors have been implicated in its etiology, they are not fully identified. To investigate the involvement of heavy metals accumulated in saliva in the etiopathogenesis of RAS. This is a prospective, comparative, and controlled clinical study investigating the relationship between heavy metal exposure and RAS. The study consisted of 75 patients with idiopathic RAS who presented to our clinic with recurrent oral wound complaints and 74 healthy volunteers. All subjects were interviewed regarding age, acute or chronic diseases, dietary habits, and possible chemical exposure. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) was measured in saliva by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (ICP–MS). Significance was considered at p < 0.05. Salivary levels of Pb (15.2 ± 1.1 vs. 7.6 ± 9.9 μg/l; p < 0.003), Hg (0.50 ± 0.60 vs. 0.13 ± 0.30 μg/l; p < 0.001; p < 0.001), Cd (0.11 ± 0.14 vs. 0.06 ± 0.13 μg/l; p < 0.021), and Cu (34.9 ± 22.5 vs. 21.6 ± 21.9 μg/l; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the patient group than that in the control group. There was no significant difference between Mn levels (57.9 ± 41.6 μg/l). Higher heavy metal content of saliva in the patients with RAS may induce apoptosis and ulcer in oral mucosa cells through triggering release of reactive oxygen species resulting from oxidative stress resulting DNA damage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ślebioda Z, Krawiecka E, Rozmiarek M, Szponar E, Kowalska A, Dorocka-Bobkowska B (2017) Clinical phenotype of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and interleukin-1β genotype in a Polish cohort of patients. J Oral Pathol Med 46:657–662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gülseren D, Karaduman A, Kutsal D, Nohutcu RM (2016) The relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and periodontal disease and helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Oral Investig 20:2055–2060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Femiano F, Lanza A, Buonaiuto C, Gombos F, Nunziata M, Piccolo S, Cirillo N (2007) Guidelines for diagnosis and management of aphthous stomatitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:728–732

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Field E, Allan R (2003) Oral ulceration–aetiopathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and management in the gastrointestinal clinic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18:949–962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F (2003) The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc 134:200–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, Porter SR (2006) Number VI recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis 12:1–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Duffus JH (2002) Heavy metals a meaningless term. Pure Appl Chem 74:793–807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Järup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68:167–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Aslam B, Javed I, Khan FH, Rahman Z (2011) Uptake of heavy metal residues from sewage sludge in the goat and cattle during summer season. Pak Vet J 31:75–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Özbolat G, Tuli A (2016) Effects of heavy metal toxicity on human health. Arch Med Rev J 25:502–521

    Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Saleh I, Shinwari N, Mashhour A (2003) Heavy metal concentrations in the breast milk of Saudi women. Biol Trace Elem Res 96:21–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalagan N, Mathew BB, Beeregowda KN (2014) Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicol 7:60–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Martí-Cid R, Llobet JM, Castell V, Domingo JL (2008) Dietary intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead by the population of Catalonia, Spain. Biol Trace Elem Res 125:120–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Martorell I, Perelló G, Martí-Cid R, Llobet JM, Castell V, Domingo JL (2011) Human exposure arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead from foods in Catalonia, Spain: temporal trend. Biol Trace Elem Res 142:309–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Farooq M, Anwar F, Rashid U (2008) Appraisal of heavy metal contents in different vegetables grown in the vicinity of an industrial area. Pak J Bot 40:2099–2106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang J, Chen C (2006) Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnol Adv 24:427–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Paknejad B, Shirkhanloo H, Aliomrani M (2019) Is there any relevance between serum heavy metal concentration and BBB leakage in multiple sclerosis patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 190:289–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee JS, White KL (1980) A review of the health effects of cadmium. Am J Ind Med 1:307–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dapul H, Laraque D (2014) Lead poisoning in children. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 61:313–333

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wadhwa N, Mathew BB, Jatawa S, Tiwari A (2012) Lipid peroxidation: mechanism, models and significance. Int J Curr Sci 3:29–38

    Google Scholar 

  21. Topcuoglu S, Ergül HA, Baysal A, Ölmez E (2003) Determination of radionuclide and heavy metal concentrations in biota and sediment samples from Pazar and Rize stations in the eastern Black Sea. Fresenius Environ Bull 12:695–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gonzales-Reimers E, Martin-Gonzalez C, Galindo-Martin L et al (2014) Lead, cadmium and zinc in hair samples: relationship with dietary habits and urban environment. Biol Trace Elem Res 157:205–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Maduabuchi JM, Nzegwu CN, Adigba EO, Aloke RU, Ezomike CN, Okocha CE, Obi E, Orisakwe OE (2006) Lead and cadmium exposures from canned and non-canned beverages in Nigeria: a public health concern. Sci Total Environ 366:621–626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Istanbulluoglu H, Ogur R, Tekbas OF et al (2013) Heavy metal contamination in milk and dairy products. Turk Klin Tıp Bilim 33:410–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ship JA, Chavez EM, Doerr PA, Henson BS, Sarmadi M (2000) Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Quintessence Int 31:95–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Iebioda Z, Szponar E, Kowalska A (2014) Etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous [8]stomatitis and the role of immunologic aspects: literature review. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 62:205–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Babaee N, Hosseinkazemi H, Pouramir M, Khakbaz Baboli O, Salehi M, Khadir F, Bijani A, Mehryari M (2016) Salivary oxidant/antioxidant status and hematological parameters in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Caspian J Intern Med 7:13–18

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang Z, Li S, Fang H (2017) Enzymatic antioxidants status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 46:817–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Saral Y, Coskun BK, Ozturk P, Karatas F, Ayar A (2005) Assessment of salivary and serum antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration. Tohoku J Exp Med 206:305–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cimen MY, Kaya TI, Eskandari G, Tursen U, Ikizoglu G, Atik U (2003) Oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 28:647–650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Karaer A, Tuncay G, Tanrikut E, Ozgul O (2018) Blood cadmium concentrations in women with ectopic pregnancy. Biol Trace Elem Res 184:42–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Forte G, Fadda C, Bocca B, Erre GL, Passiu G, Madeddu R (2019) Association between exposure to heavy metals and systemic sclerosis: the levels of Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb in blood and urine of patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 190:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Khlifi R, Olmedo P, Gil F, Chakroun A, Hammami B, Hamza-Chaffai A (2015) Heavy metals in normal mucosa and nasal polyp tissues from Tunisian patients. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 22:463–471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Korhan Kılıç for the statistical data and Prof. Dr. Armağan Hayırlı for grammatical editing.

Funding

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (project no. TTU-2018-6512), Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Erzurum Bölge Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ümran Öner

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Şevki Özdemir

  3. Erzurum Bölge Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Health Science University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Fatih Öner

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Necmettin Akdeniz

Authors
  1. Ümran Öner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Şevki Özdemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fatih Öner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Necmettin Akdeniz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ümran Öner.

Ethics declarations

The study was approved by the ethics committee of University (approval date 09.06.2017, decision no 2017/0035). All patients and healthy subjects in the control group were informed about the study and written consent was obtained.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Öner, Ü., Özdemir, Ş., Öner, F. et al. Do Heavy Metals Accumulated in Saliva Involve in the Etiopathogenesis of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis?. Biol Trace Elem Res 198, 46–50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02058-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02058-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation