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Effects of Sodium Selenite on Oxidative Damage in the Liver, Kidney and Brain in a Selenite Cataract Rat Model

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Abstract

Selenite cataracts are effective and convenient animal models for simulation of human senile nuclear cataracts. These models are widely used to study the effects of various stresses on eye lenses and to screen anticataract drugs. However, there have been no comprehensive toxicological evaluations of these animal models. To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on some important organs in selenite cataract model animals, this study analyzed (1) histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; (2) methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) A and B1 protein expression; (3) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and (4) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver, kidney, and brain in a selenite cataract rat model. The results showed that sodium selenite induced severe oxidative damage, especially in the hippocampus and corpus striatum of the brain, in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. This damage was evidenced by mild gliocyte proliferation, significant disorder of neuronal arrangement with acidophilic changes in the hippocampus, and significant occurrence of focal microglia or lymphocytic infiltration in the corpus striatum after selenite injection for cataract simulation. The damage was closely related to significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme expression and activity and significant increases in lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels. Furthermore, nonsignificant swelling and scattered spotty necrosis were observed in the liver. These results imply that physiological changes in model animals should be considered when carrying out anticataract drug screening and that pathological changes in other nontarget organs should be prevented.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Prof. Kaixun Huang of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P. R. China for his suggestion in the biochemical analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from “Opening fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica (No. BCMM201703)” and “Ph.D. research fund of Wuhan Technology and Business University (No. D2015004)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China

    Hongjie Chen

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Hongjie Chen & Jun Zhou

Authors
  1. Hongjie Chen
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  2. Jun Zhou
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Correspondence to Hongjie Chen.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All animal experiments complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 8023, revised 1978). All experimental procedures involving animals were approved by Scientific Research Department of Wuhan Technology and Business University.

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Highlights

• Significant pathological changes occurred in the hippocampus and corpus striatum in the brain in cataract model rats.

• GPx, SOD, and MsrA levels were significantly decreased in the brains of selenite cataract model rats.

• Decreases in GPx, SOD, and MsrA levels and increases in MDA levels caused pathological changes.

• Pathological changes should be taken seriously during anticataract drug screening.

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Chen, H., Zhou, J. Effects of Sodium Selenite on Oxidative Damage in the Liver, Kidney and Brain in a Selenite Cataract Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 197, 533–543 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-02000-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-02000-1

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