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Subchronic Administration of High-Dose Sodium Fluoride Causes Deficits in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells But Not Motor Coordination of Rats

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Abstract

Fluoride is frequently added to drinking water supplies, various food products, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth damage. However, at high concentrations, fluoride can cause fluorosis and damage to the brain tissue due to its excitotoxicity and oxidative stress effects. The damage of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum can lead to motor coordination disorders. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sodium fluoride on the motor coordination and the number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely a control group which received reverse osmosis distilled water and three treated groups which received sodium fluoride at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg bw. The treatment lasted for 30 days. The motor coordination of the rats was examined using a rotarod prior and subsequent to the treatments. The number of Purkinje cells was estimated using physical fractionator design. The numbers of Purkinje cells of the F10 and F20 groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. No significant differences in the results of the motor coordination test were found. The administration of sodium fluoride at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg bw caused a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in rats.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was a part of Fitriani Agustina’s master thesis (Pengaruh pemberian natrium fluorida terhadap jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum dan koordinasi motorik tikus Wistar (Rattus Novergicus) Jantan Dewasa [Indonesian]). The authors would like to thank Suparno, Wakidi (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Indonesia and Y. Suhardi (Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, UGM, Indonesia) for their technical assistance, as well as Erik C. Hookom for language editing.

Funding

This study was partially funded by the Master in Biomedical Sciences Study Programme of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

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Author notes

  1. F. Agustina and G. Partadiredja contributed equally as the first authors of this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Fitriani Agustina, Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro & Ginus Partadiredja

  2. Al-Ma’arif Nursing Academy, Baturaja, South Sumatra, Indonesia

    Fitriani Agustina

Authors
  1. Fitriani Agustina
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  2. Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro
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  3. Ginus Partadiredja
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ginus Partadiredja.

Ethics declarations

The experimental procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada (approval number KE/FK/224/EC).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Agustina, F., Sofro, Z.M. & Partadiredja, G. Subchronic Administration of High-Dose Sodium Fluoride Causes Deficits in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells But Not Motor Coordination of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 188, 424–433 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1420-0

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