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Effects of Fluoride Toxicity on Female Reproductive System of Mammals: A Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Considerable integrative efforts have been made to investigate the effects of fluoride on female reproductive organs since the last years. The ingestion of fluoride causes adverse effects on human health like causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, kidney problems, decrease birth rates, weakening of thyroid functionality, and impair intelligence, particularly in children. In this review, we discuss the adverse effects of fluoride on female reproductive organs and presented certain remedies. A total of 53 papers on the effect of fluoride on female reproductive organs, including 6 population surveys were examined. Google Scholar, Google, Research Gate, PubMed, and the International Journal of Fluoride have all been searched for fluoride research papers. Various doses and pathological effects have been described in this review article.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

F:

Fluoride

NaF:

Sodium fluoride

b.w.:

Body weight

ppm:

Parts per million

g:

Gram

kg:

Kilogram

ml:

Milliliter

ng:

Next generation

mg:

Milligram

CAPE:

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester

i.p.:

Intraperitoneally

SOD:

Sodium dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

GPX:

Glutathione peroxide

GSH:

Glutathione

LPO:

Lipid peroxides levels

TAA:

Total ascorbic acid

TAT:

Trans-activator of transcription

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

FSH:

Follicular stimulating hormones

TSH:

Thyroid stimulating hormone

E:

Estrogen

P:

Progesterone

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

NO:

Nitric oxide

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

SFE:

Strawberry fruit extract

CD:

Conjugated diene

E2:

Estradiol

Cyto C:

Cytochrome

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer

GRP78:

Glucose-regulated protein 78

IRE:

Identification and reconciliation engine

XBP-1:

X-box binding protein 1

ERS:

Endoplasmic reticulum stress

HF:

Hydrogen fluoride

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

Ca2+:

Calcium ions

ATPase:

Adenosine triphosphate

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AMP:

Adenosine monophosphate

GDP:

Guanosine diphosphate

Pi:

Inorganic phosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India

    Aditi Fishta, Ruhi Thakur, Neha Thakur & Bhavna Patial

  2. M.S. Swaminathan School of Agricultural Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India

    Krishan Chander Sharma

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  1. Aditi Fishta
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  2. Ruhi Thakur
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Contributions

Aditi Fishta: writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, Dr. Krishan Chander Sharma: writing—review and editing. Supervision, Ruhi Thakur: supervision, writing—review and editing, Neha Thakur: review, Bhavna Patial: review.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 1 Histopathological changes induced by sodium fluoride in female reproductive organs
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Table 2 Physiological and Biochemical changes induced by sodium fluoride in female reproductive organs
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Table 3 Effect of sodium fluoride in human population
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Fishta, A., Thakur, R., Sharma, K.C. et al. Effects of Fluoride Toxicity on Female Reproductive System of Mammals: A Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04203-7

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