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Macro- and Microelement Status in Animal and Human Hypertension: the Role of the ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism

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Abstract

Genetic factors that predispose to hypertension may contribute to element disturbances observed in hypertensive patients. We tested the hypothesis that the deletion allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with element imbalances in hypertension. The concentrations of elements in genetically predisposed to hypertension rats (SHRs) and their controls (WKY rats) were also examined. ICP-MS was used for elemental analysis of human hair and animal fur. Genotyping was performed by PCR. We also measured micronuclei frequency and distribution of peripheral blood leukocytes in cell cycle phases by flow cytometry and studied the correlations of these parameters with element contents. In general, the tendency for higher levels of toxic and lower levels of essential elements is observed in hypertension, specifically in patients carrying the D allele. Hypertensive men had significantly higher Be, V, Cr, As, Mo, Ag, Sb, and Na levels and lower Ca, Zn, Ba, and U levels compared with control subjects; the differences were not significant for Mg, Al, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se, Cd, Tl, Pb, and Th. The D allele was associated with higher Be, Mo, and Th levels and lower Zn, Se, and Tl levels. The concentrations of Ca, Co, Mo and U were higher in SHR than those in the WKY rats. Mo, an antagonist of Cu, positively correlated with the S-phase cells, and Cu positively correlated with micronuclei frequency. The results suggest an involvement of the ACE I/D polymorphism in element imbalances in hypertension and attract attention to the possible significant role of genetic factors in Mo accumulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences, Acad. Kuprevich Str., 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus

    Olena Pavlyushchik, Viktor Afonin, Svetlana Fatykhava & Polina Shabunya

  2. Belarusian State Medical University, Dzerzhinski Ave., 83, 220116, Minsk, Belarus

    Viktoryia Sarokina & Aliaksandr Khapaliuk

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  1. Olena Pavlyushchik
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  2. Viktor Afonin
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Correspondence to Olena Pavlyushchik.

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All procedures involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.

All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Pavlyushchik, O., Afonin, V., Fatykhava, S. et al. Macro- and Microelement Status in Animal and Human Hypertension: the Role of the ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism. Biol Trace Elem Res 180, 110–119 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-0990-6

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