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Effect of Supranutritional Organic Selenium Supplementation on Postpartum Blood Micronutrients, Antioxidants, Metabolites, and Inflammation Biomarkers in Selenium-Replete Dairy Cows

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Abstract

Dairy cows have increased nutritional requirements for antioxidants postpartum. Supranutritional organic Se supplementation may be beneficial because selenoproteins are involved in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Our objective was to determine whether feeding Se-yeast above requirements to Se-replete dairy cows during late gestation affects blood micronutrients, antioxidants, metabolites, and inflammation biomarkers postpartum. During the last 8-weeks before calving, dairy cows at a commercial farm were fed either 0 (control) or 105 mg Se-yeast once weekly (supranutritional Se-yeast), in addition to Na selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg dry matter in their rations. Concentrations of whole-blood (WB) Se and serum Se, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), and serum albumin, cholesterol, α-tocopherol, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, non-esterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were measured directly after calving, at 48 h, and 14 days of lactation in 10 cows of each group. Supranutritional Se-yeast supplementation affected indicators of antioxidant status and inflammation. Cows fed a supranutritional Se-yeast supplement during the last 8-weeks of gestation had higher Se concentrations in WB (overall 52 % higher) and serum (overall 36 % higher) at all-time points, had higher SAA concentrations at 48 h (98 % higher), had higher erythrocyte GSH (38 % higher) and serum albumin concentrations (6.6 % higher) at 14 days, and had lower serum cholesterol concentrations and higher α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios at calving and at 48 h compared with control cows. In conclusion, feeding Se-replete cows during late gestation a supranutritional Se-yeast supplement improves antioxidant status and immune responses after calving without negatively impacting other micronutrients and energy status.

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Abbreviations

AIC:

Akaike information criterion

BHBA:

β-hydroxybutyrate

DM:

Dry matter

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GSH:

Glutathione

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

NRC:

National Research Council

SAA:

Serum amyloid A

Se:

Selenium

SeCys:

Selenocysteine

SeMet:

Selenomethionine

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TMR:

Total mixed ration

WB:

Whole blood

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Acknowledgments

Funded by Animal Health and Disease Project Formula Funds, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331–2219, USA (J.A. Hall, Principal Investigator). Appreciation is also expressed to Dr. Jeff Wendler and Columbia River Dairy, LLC, Boardman, OR for the use of their dairy herd, calves, and facilities for the conduct of these experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA

    Jean A. Hall & William R. Vorachek

  2. Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA

    Gerd Bobe, Wayne D. Mosher, Gene J. Pirelli & Mike Gamroth

  3. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA

    Gerd Bobe & Maret G. Traber

  4. School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA

    Katherine Kasper & Maret G. Traber

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  1. Jean A. Hall
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Correspondence to Jean A. Hall.

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Hall, J.A., Bobe, G., Vorachek, W.R. et al. Effect of Supranutritional Organic Selenium Supplementation on Postpartum Blood Micronutrients, Antioxidants, Metabolites, and Inflammation Biomarkers in Selenium-Replete Dairy Cows. Biol Trace Elem Res 161, 272–287 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0107-4

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