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Oxidative Stress and Paraoxonase Activity in Experimental Selenosis: Effects of Betaine Administration

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Abstract

The present study was undertaken on male rats to elucidate the selenosis induced by sodium selenite and the role played by betaine in alleviating selenium toxicity. Rats were treated with sodium selenite (6 mg/kg body weight/day) with or without betaine (240 mg/kg body weight/day). Selenotoxicosis was evident from the elevated plasma levels of total bilirubin, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Moreover, the total protein levels decreased, and this decrease associated with a decreased albumin level, whereas the globulin level increased in selenium-intoxicated rats. The development of selenosis corresponded well with the induction of oxidative stress evident from decrease of total thiol level and glutathione content. Furthermore, activities of glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and paraoxonase-1 were decreased in selenium-treated rats. In contrast, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by excess selenium administration compared with control animals. As well, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were elevated in rats treated with selenium. Supplementation of betaine simultaneously with selenium caused less marked alteration in the investigated parameters. Betaine attenuated the selenotoxicosis by restoring thiol levels that preserve enzymatic antioxidants activity and attenuate the oxidation of lipids and proteins.

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Acknowledgments

The author extends his appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the study through the research group project no. RGPVPP139.

Conflict of Interest

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Gamaleldin I. Harisa

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

    Gamaleldin I. Harisa

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Gamaleldin I. Harisa

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Correspondence to Gamaleldin I. Harisa.

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Harisa, G.I. Oxidative Stress and Paraoxonase Activity in Experimental Selenosis: Effects of Betaine Administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 152, 258–266 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9618-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9618-7

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