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Interactions Between Cadmium and Zinc in the Biological Samples of Pakistani Smokers and Nonsmokers Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Biological Trace Element Research volume 139, pages 257–268 (2011)Cite this article

An Erratum to this article was published on 13 January 2011

Abstract

The pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been altered with changes in the balance of certain trace and toxic elements. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in smoker and nonsmoker male CVD patients (n = 457) of two age groups (31–45) and (46–60). The both elements were determined in biological samples (scalp hair, blood, and urine) of CVD patients and healthy referents for comparison purpose. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. It was observed that the mean values of Cd were significantly higher in the biological samples of smokers CVD as compared to nonsmoker CVD patients, while the level of Zn was lower in both smoker and nonsmoker patients. The concentrations of Zn in whole blood and scalp hair samples were lower in CVD patients as compared to referents (p > 0.001). Results showed significant changes of levels of Cd and Zn in blood and scalp hair samples of CVD patients when compared with healthy referents, while reverse in the case of urine samples. It was observed that low Zn levels were associated with both smoker and nonsmoker CVD patients, while increased cadmium accumulation was observed in smoker patients as compared to nonsmoker patients (p > 0.025).

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank to Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for sponsoring this project.

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Affiliations

  1. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Hassan Imran Afridi, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Naveed Kazi, Ghulam Abbas Kandhro, Jameel Ahmed Baig, Mohammad Khan Jamali, Mohammad Balal Arain & Abdul Qadir Shah

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  1. Hassan Imran Afridi
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  2. Tasneem Gul Kazi
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  3. Naveed Kazi
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  4. Ghulam Abbas Kandhro
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  5. Jameel Ahmed Baig
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  6. Mohammad Khan Jamali
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  7. Mohammad Balal Arain
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  8. Abdul Qadir Shah
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Correspondence to Tasneem Gul Kazi.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8920-x

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Afridi, H.I., Kazi, T.G., Kazi, N. et al. Interactions Between Cadmium and Zinc in the Biological Samples of Pakistani Smokers and Nonsmokers Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 139, 257–268 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8607-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8607-3

Keywords

  • Cadmium
  • Zinc
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Male
  • Biological samples