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Novel Chimeric Endolysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanocomplex as a Potential Inhibitor Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

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Abstract

Resistance to antimicrobial agents has created potential problems in finding efficient treatments against bacteria. Thus, using new therapeutics, such as recombinant chimeric endolysin, would be more beneficial for eliminating resistant bacteria. The treatment ability of these therapeutics can be further improved if they are used with biocompatible nanoparticles like chitosan (CS). In this work, covalently conjugated chimeric endolysin to CS nanoparticles (C) and non-covalently entrapped endolysin in CS nanoparticles (NC) were effectively developed and, consequently, qualified and quantified using analytical devices, including FT-IR, dynamic light scattering, and TEM. Eighty to 150 nm and 100 nm to 200 nm in diameter were measured for CS-endolysin (NC) and CS-endolysin (C) using a TEM, respectively. The lytic activity, synergistic interaction, and biofilm reduction potency of nano-complexes were investigated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains. The outputs revealed a good lytic activity of nano-complexes after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, especially in P. aeruginosa (approximately 40% cell viability after 48 h of treatment with 8 ng/mL), and potential biofilm reduction performance was attained in E. coli strains (about 70% reduction after treatment with 8 ng/mL). The synergistic interaction between nano-complexes and vancomycin was exhibited in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus strains at 8 ng/mL concentrations, while the synergistic effects of pure endolysin and vancomycin were not remarkable in E. coli strains. These nano-complexes would be more beneficial in suppressing the bacteria with a high level of antibiotic resistance.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran

    Paria Abbasi & Sepideh Khaleghi

  2. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Fahimi

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  1. Paria Abbasi
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  2. Hossein Fahimi
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  3. Sepideh Khaleghi
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Contributions

PA: study concept and design, acquisition of data, drafting of the manuscript. HF: critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. SK: statistical analysis, administrative, technical and material support, study supervision, analysis, and interpretation of data.

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Correspondence to Sepideh Khaleghi.

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Abbasi, P., Fahimi, H. & Khaleghi, S. Novel Chimeric Endolysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanocomplex as a Potential Inhibitor Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 478–490 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04484-z

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