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Vancomycin Loaded Amino-Functionalized MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Carrier in Bone Substitutes for Bacterial Infection Management

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Abstract

Orthopedic infections due to biofilm formation in biomaterial-based implants have become challenging in bone tissue engineering. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial analysis of amino-functionalized MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AF-MSNs) loaded with vancomycin is analyzed for its potential as a drug carrier for the sustained/controlled release of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus. The effective incorporation of vancomycin into the inner core of AF-MSNs was observed by alternation in the absorption frequencies obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results show that all the AF-MSNs had homogeneous spherical shapes with a mean diameter of 165.2 ± 1.25 nm, and there is a slight change in the hydrodynamic diameter after vancomycin loading. Furthermore, the zeta potential of all the AF-MSNs (+ 30.5 ± 0.54 mV) and AF-MSN/VA (+ 33.3 ± 0.56 mV) were positively charged due to effective functionalization with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). Furthermore, cytotoxicity results show that the AF-MSNs have better biocompatibility than non-functionalized MSNs (p < 0.05), and results prove AF-MSNs loaded with vancomycin show better antibacterial effect against S. aureus than non-functionalized MSNs. Results confirm that bacterial membrane integrity was affected by treatment with AF-MSNs and AF-MSN/VA by staining the treated cells with FDA/PI. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis confirmed the shrinkage of bacterial cells and membrane disintegration. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that amino-functionalized MSNs loaded with vancomycin significantly increased the anti-biofilm and biofilm inhibitory effect and can be incorporated with biomaterial-based bone substitutes and bone cement to prevent orthopedic infections post-implantation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, CSIR-CLRI, for his support in conducting this research, carrying out experimental work, and publishing this article (CSIR-CLRI communication No. 1774). The authors also acknowledge and thank the support and help rendered by CLRI-CATERS (Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation and Reporting Services) for this research work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, by providing fellowship through the award of Senior Research Fellowship (File No. 31/006(0467)/2019-EMR-I) to Mr. Syed Nasar Rahaman, and the authors are grateful to CSIR-CLRI for funding this research through the Major Laboratory Project (MLP-03), and CSIR-Focused Basic Research (FBR) MLP-2006.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India

    Syed Nasar Rahaman, Srinivetha Pathmanapan & Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India

    Syed Nasar Rahaman & Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan

  3. Department of Leather Technology, Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600020, India

    Srinivetha Pathmanapan

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620 024, India

    Anbarasi Sidharthan

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Contributions

SNR: contributed to conceptualization, hypothesis, study design, experimentation, material characterization, data interpretation, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation.

SP: data interpretation and experimental analysis.

AS: performed the material preparation and assisted in vitro studies.

SKAS: contributed to the study design, data interpretation, and final manuscript review.

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Correspondence to Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan.

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Rahaman, S.N., Pathmanapan, S., Sidharthan, A. et al. Vancomycin Loaded Amino-Functionalized MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Carrier in Bone Substitutes for Bacterial Infection Management. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 6607–6632 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04406-z

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