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Regulatory Components of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Their Complex Interplay in Carcinogenesis

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Abstract

Cancer progression is closely linked to oxidative stress (OS) inflammation. OS is caused by an imbalance between the amount of reactive oxygen species produced and antioxidants present in the body. Excess ROS either oxidizes biomolecules or activates the signaling cascade, resulting in inflammation. Immune cells secrete cytokines and chemokines when inflammation is activated. These signaling molecules attract a wide range of immune cells to the site of infection or oxidative stress. Similarly, increased ROS production by immune cells at the inflamed site causes oxidative stress in the affected area. A review on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cancer-related literature was conducted to obtain data. All of the information gathered was focused on the current state of oxidative stress and inflammation in various cancers. After gathering all relevant information, a narrative review was created to provide a detailed note on oxidative stress and inflammation in cancer. Proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metabolic changes, and evasion of programmed cell death are all aided by OS and inflammation in cancer. Imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants lead to oxidative stress that damages macromolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins). It causes breakdown of the biological signaling cascade. Prolonged oxidative stress causes inflammation by activating transcription factors (NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α, PPAR-γ, Nrf2, AP-1) that alter the expression of many other genes and proteins, including growth factors, tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in cancer cell survival. The present review article examines the complex relationship between OS and inflammation in certain types of cancer (colorectal, breast, lung, bladder, and gastric cancer).

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Funding

The Department of Health Research provided financial assistance to Dr. R.R. Rasmi in the form of Young Scientist for the present study (Funding No. 12014/11/2018-HR/E-office:3151264), and financial support was given to Dr. K.M. Sakthivel by a PSGCAS Seed Grant (Ref No. PSGCAS/SGS/2019–2020/Biochem/020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Loganathan Chandramani Priya Dharshini & Rajan Radha Rasmi

  2. Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    Chinnadurai Kathirvelan

  3. School of Lifescience, Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India

    Kalavathi Murugan Kumar

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India

    K. M. Saradhadevi

  5. Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel

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Loganathan Chandramani Priya Dharshini — conceptualization, writing — original draft, Rajan Radha Rasmi — conceptualization, writing — review and editing; Chinnadurai Kathirvelan — conceptualization, writing — review and editing; Kalavathi Murugan Kumar — conceptualization, writing — review and editing; Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel — conceptualization, writing — review and editing.

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Dharshini, L.C.P., Rasmi, R.R., Kathirvelan, C. et al. Regulatory Components of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Their Complex Interplay in Carcinogenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 2893–2916 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04266-z

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