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Revisiting Methodologies for In Vitro Preparations of Advanced Glycation End Products

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Abstract

Chronic elevation of sugar and oxidative stress generally results in development of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic individuals. Accumulation of AGEs in an individual can give rise to the activation of several pathways that will ultimately lead to various complications. Such AGEs can also be prepared in an in vitro environment. For an in vitro preparation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids are generally required to be incubated with reducing sugars at a physiological temperature or higher depending upon the protocol optimized for its preparation. Certain other factors are also optimized and added to the buffer to hasten its preparation or alter the properties of prepared AGEs. Through this review, we intend to highlight the various studies related to the experimental procedures for the preparation of different types of AGEs. In addition, we present the comparative study of methodologies optimized for the preparation of AGEs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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This study was funded by the Ministry of Education (previously known as "Ministry of Human Resource Development").

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  1. Ajay Kumar Sahi and Pooja Verma equally contributed to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajay Kumar Sahi, Pooja Verma, Neelima Varshney, Shravanya Gundu & Sanjeev Kumar Mahto

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, 221007, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pooja Verma

  3. Centre for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India

    Sanjeev Kumar Mahto

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Ajay Kumar Sahi: Conceptualization, writing (original draft preparation), formal analysis and investigation, and writing (review and editing).

Pooja Verma: Writing (original draft preparation), formal analysis and investigation, and writing (review and editing).

Neelima Varshney: Formal analysis and investigation and writing (review and editing).

Shravanya Gundu: Formal analysis and investigation and writing (review and editing).

Sanjeev Kumar Mahto: Supervision, project administration, reviewing and editing, project administration, and funding acquisition.

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Sahi, A.K., Verma, P., Varshney, N. et al. Revisiting Methodologies for In Vitro Preparations of Advanced Glycation End Products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 2831–2855 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03860-5

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