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Algal Lysis by Sagittula stellata for the Production of Intracellular Valuables

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the algicidal bacterium Sagittula stellata on the cell lysis of Nannochloropsis oceanica, a microalga found in the marine environment, in order to extract intracellular valuables. Algicidal bacteria are capable of lysing algal cell walls while keeping lipids and proteins intact yet separated. We obtained these microbes from locations with consistent algae blooms and found that the bacterium Sagittula stellata displayed significant algicidal properties toward Nannochloropsis oceanica, achieving an algicidal rate of 80.1%. We detected a decrease of 66.2% in in vivo fluorescence intensity in algae cultures, obtained a recoverable crude lipid content of 23.3% and a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio of 29.0% of bacteria-treated algae, and observed the lysis of the cell membrane and the structure of the nucleus of algae. We also identified the inhibited transcription of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)–related genes and the upregulated heat shock protein (hsp) gene in algal cells during bacterial exposure. Our results indicate that Sagittula stellata effectively lysed microalgae cells, allowing the recovery of intracellular valuables. The algicidal method of Sagittula stellata on Nannochloropsis oceanica cells was confirmed to be a direct attack (or predation), followed by an indirect attack through the secretion of extracellular algicidal compounds. This study provides an important framework for the broad application of algicidal microorganisms in algal cell disruption and the production of intracellular valuables.

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Data Availability

The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article.

Abbreviations

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

BS:

Bacterial supernatant

CAFD:

Chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity

CFU:

Colony-forming units

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FAMEs:

Fatty acid methyl esters

GC:

Gas chromatography

hsp :

Heat shock protein

MMBM:

Modified Marine Broth 2216 medium

MUFAs:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

N. oceanica :

Nannochloropsis oceanica

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

rbc :

S: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit

S. stellata :

Sagittula stellata

SFAs:

Saturated fatty acids

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877387). We thank Dr. Mary Ann Moran and Ms. Christa Smith at University of Georgia for providing the bacteria and assisting with its cultivation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Meng Wang, Shibao Chen, Lifu Wang, Shuwen Zhao & Shanshan Li

  2. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Wen qiao Yuan

Authors
  1. Meng Wang
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  2. Wen qiao Yuan
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  3. Shibao Chen
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  4. Lifu Wang
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  5. Shuwen Zhao
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  6. Shanshan Li
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Lifu Wang, Shuwen Zhao, and Shanshan Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Meng Wang and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shibao Chen.

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Wang, M., Yuan, W.q., Chen, S. et al. Algal Lysis by Sagittula stellata for the Production of Intracellular Valuables. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193, 2516–2533 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03502-2

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