Abstract
Yeast single-cell protein and yeast extract, in particular, are two products which have many feed, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. However, many of these applications are limited by their market price. Specifically, the yeast extract requirements for culture media are one of the major technical hurdles to be overcome for the development of low-cost fermentation routes for several top value chemicals in a biorefinery framework. A potential biotechnical solution is the production of yeast biomass from the hemicellulosic fraction stream. The growth of three pentose-assimilating yeast cell factories, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Pichia stipitis was compared using non-detoxified brewery’s spent grains hemicellulosic hydrolyzate supplemented with mineral nutrients. The yeasts exhibited different specific growth rates, biomass productivities, and yields being D. hansenii as the yeast species that presented the best performance, assimilating all sugars and noteworthy consuming most of the hydrolyzate inhibitors. Under optimized conditions, D. hansenii displayed a maximum specific growth rate, biomass yield, and productivity of 0.34 h−1, 0.61 g g−1, and 0.56 g l−1 h−1, respectively. The nutritional profile of D. hansenii was thoroughly evaluated, and it compares favorably to others reported in literature. It contains considerable amounts of some essential amino acids and a high ratio of unsaturated over saturated fatty acids.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Werpy, T., Petersen, G., Aden, A., Bozell, J., Holladay, J., White, J., et al. (2004). Top value added chemicals from biomass. Volume I—Results of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
Carvalheiro, F., Duarte, L. C., Lopes, S., Parajó, J. C., Pereira, H., & Gírio, F. M. (2006). Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 33, 646–654.
Tejayadi, S., & Cheryan, M. (1995). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 43, 242–248.
Zaldivar, J., Nielsen, J., & Olsson, L. (2001) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56, 17–34.
European Food Safety Authority (2005). QPS: Qualified Presumption of Safety of micro-organisms in food and feed. EFSA, Parma, Italy.
Meyer, P. S., du Preez, J. C., & Kilian, S. G. (1992). Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 40, 353–358.
Pessoa, A., Jr., Mancilha, I. M., & Sato, S. (1996). Journal of Biotechnology, 51, 83–88.
Nigam, J. N. (2000). World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 16, 367–372.
Jeffries, T. W. (2006). Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 17, 320–326.
Ballesteros, M., Oliva, J. M., Negro, M. J., Manzanares, P., & Ballesteros, I. (2004). Process Biochemistry, 39, 1843–1848.
Revillion, J. P. D., Brandelli, A., & Ayub, M. A. Z. (2003). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 46, 121–127.
Bergkamp, R. J., Bootsman, T. C., Toschka, H. Y., Mooren, A. T., Kox, L., Verbakel, J. M., et al. (1993) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40, 309–317.
Rivas, B., Torre, P., Domínguez, J. M., Converti, A., & Parajó, J. C. (2006). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 4430–4435.
Terentiev, Y., Pico, A. H., Boer, E., Wartmann, T., Klabunde, J., Breuer, U., et al. (2004). Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 31, 223–228.
Carvalheiro, F., Esteves, M. P., Parajó, J. C., Pereira, H., Gírio, F. M. (2004). Bioresource Technology, 91, 93–100.
Duarte, L. C., Carvalheiro, F., Lopes, S., Marques, S., Parajó, J. C., & Gírio, F. M. (2004). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 113–116, 1041–1058.
Duarte, L. C., Carvalheiro, F., Neves, I., & Gírio, F. M. (2005) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 121, 413–425.
Graham, H. D. (1992). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 801–805.
Browning, B. L. (1967). Methods of wood chemistry. In K. V. Sarkeanen, & C. H. Ludwig (Eds.), pp. 795–798. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
AOAC (1975). AOAC official methods of analysis. Washington, DC: AOAC International.
Herbert, D., Phipps, P. J., & Strange, R. E. (1971). Methods in microbiology. In J. R. Norris & D. W. Ribbons (Eds.), pp. 209–344. London: Academic Press.
Benthin, S., Nielsen, J., & Villadsen, J. (1991). Biotechnology Techniques, 5, 39–42.
Paul, D., Mukhopadhyay, R., Chatterjee, B. P., & Guha, A. K. (2002). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 97, 209–218.
1998. Commission Directive 98/64/EC. Establishing Community methods of analysis for the determination of aminoacids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feedingstuffs and amending Directive 71/393/EEC.
Lepage, G., & Roy, C. C. (1986). Journal of Lipid Research, 27, 114–120.
Silva, T. L., Santo, F. E., Pereira, P. T., & Roseiro, J. C. P. (2006). Journal of Basic Microbiology, 46, 34–46.
Mussatto, S. I., Dragone, G., & Roberto, I. C. (2006). Journal of Cereal Science, 43, 1–14.
Almeida e Silva, J. B., Mancilha, I. M., Vannetti, M. C. D., & Teixeira, M. A. (1995). Bioresource technology, 52, 197–200.
Carvalheiro, F., Duarte, L. C., Lopes, S., Parajó, J. C., Pereira, H., & Gírio, F. M. (2005).Process Biochemistry, 40, 1215–1223.
Nobre, A., Duarte, L. C., Roseiro, J. C., & Gírio, F. M. (2002). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 59, 509–516.
Breuer, U., & Harms, H. (2006). Yeast, 23, 415–437.
Rivas, B., Moldes, A. B., Domínguez, J. M., & Parajó, J. C. (2004). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 97, 93–98.
Tavares, J. M., Duarte, L. C., Amaral-Collaço, M. T., & Gírio, F. M. (1999). FEMS Microbiology Letters, 171, 115–120.
Konlani, S., Delgenes, J. P., Moletta, R., Traore, A., & Doh, A. (1996). Bioresource technology, 57, 275–281.
Anupama & Ravindra, P. (2000). Biotechnology Advances, 18, 459–479.
Zhang, J. Y., Reddy, J., Buckland, B., & Greasham, R. (2003) Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 82, 640–652.
Baracat-Pereira, M. C., Coelho, J. L. C., Minussi, R. C., Chaves-Alves, V. M., Brandão, R. L., & Silva, D. O. (1999). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 76, 129–141.
Shay, L. K., & Wegner, G. H. (1986). Journal of Dairy Science, 69, 676–683.
El-Samragy, Y. A., Chen, J. H., & Zall, R. R. (1988). Process Biochemistry, 23, 28–30.
Rajoka, M. I., Kiani, M. A. T., Khan, S., Awan, M. S., & Hashmi, A. S. (2004) World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 20, 297–301.
Saldanha-da-Gama, A., Malfeito-Ferreira, M., & Loureiro, V. (1997). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37, 201–207.
Shahidi, F., & Wanasundara, U. N. (1998). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 9, 230–240.
You, K. M., Rosenfield, C. L., & Knipple, D. C. (2003). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 1499–1503.
Silva, T. L., Pinheiro, H. M., & Roseiro, J. C. (2003). Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32, 880–888.
Olsen, J., & Allermann, K. (1987). Basic Biotechnology. In J., Bu’Lock, & B., Kristiansen (Eds.), pp 285–308. London: Academic Press.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Amélia Marques, Carlos Barata, and Céu Penedo for their technical support and also acknowledge Ana Partidário/Maria João Borges and Teresa Lopes da Silva for making possible the amino acid and fatty acid analysis, respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duarte, L.C., Carvalheiro, F., Lopes, S. et al. Yeast Biomass Production in Brewery’s Spent Grains Hemicellulosic Hydrolyzate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 148, 119–129 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-8046-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-8046-6