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Integration of antifouling properties into epoxy coatings: a review

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Abstract

The need for nontoxic antifouling coatings has encouraged material scientists to develop a class of organic coatings for diverse applications. As a versatile thermosetting resin and well known for coating application, antifouling characteristics have been integrated into epoxy along with anticorrosion and adhesive functions. Accordingly, both micro- and macro-biofoulings have been successfully controlled by using epoxy-based antifouling coatings. Epoxy nanocomposites, silicon-grafted epoxy, epoxy-aided conductive polymer blends, and nanocomposites are important antifouling epoxy variants far and wide examined in developing epoxy-based coatings. Besides, some purpose-specific multifunctional smart coatings based on epoxy with antifouling features are used to integrate several functions into one material. This review discusses various types of epoxy-based antifouling coatings. The ability of nanomaterials, siloxanes, and conducting polymers to induce antifouling activity into the epoxy and corresponding antifouling mechanisms is also covered. The review concludes with the enormous potential of antifouling epoxy coatings as cost-effective, environmentally sustainable solution to biofouling in diverse industrial applications. Finally, the future ahead of antifouling epoxy coating is patterned.

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Abbreviations

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

Ag–RGO–cur:

Silver–reduced GO–curcumin

APDMS:

Aminopropyl-terminated pendant groups

APDMS:

PDMS with aminopropyl-terminated pendant groups

APTES:

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

BBP:

Bromine-benzyl-disubstituted polyaniline

Br-PANI:

Bromo-substituted PANI

DGEBA:

Diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A

GO:

Graphene oxide

HENC:

Nanofibrillar cellulose-hyperbranched epoxy composite

h-PDMS:

Hydroxyl-terminated PDMS

HTPDMS:

Epoxy coating with hydroxyl-terminated PDMS

ICN:

Inter-crosslinking network mechanism

NFC:

Nanofibrillar cellulose

PANI:

Polyaniline

PDMS:

Poly (dimethyl siloxane)

PEG:

Poly (ethylene glycol)

PmAP:

Poly (m-aminophenol)

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

RGO-ID+ :

Cationic reduced graphene oxide

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEA:

Triethanol amine

TBT:

Tributyltin

UEH-MCs:

Underwater epoxy hardener microcapsules

VOC:

Volatile organic content

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India

    P. Poornima Vijayan & P. G. Chithra

  2. Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland

    Krzysztof Formela & Mohammad Reza Saeb

  3. International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India

    Sabu Thomas

  4. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India

    Sabu Thomas

  5. School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India

    Sabu Thomas

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  1. P. Poornima Vijayan
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Poornima Vijayan, P., Formela, K., Saeb, M.R. et al. Integration of antifouling properties into epoxy coatings: a review. J Coat Technol Res 19, 269–284 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00555-0

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