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Ultrasound-Assisted Detoxification of Ochratoxin A: Comparative Study of Cell Wall Structure, Hydrophobicity, and Toxin Binding Capacity of Single and Co-culture Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the binding capacity and stability of ochratoxin A (10 µg/kg; OTA) by single and co-culture Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus rhamnosus in various modes including viable, heat-, and ultrasound-inactivated cells as well as a combination of viable + heat- or ultrasound-inactivated cells. The stability of OTA binding on native and modified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) surface was conducted after washing with solvent. The highest OTA adsorption capacity and stability (μg/kg) were obtained after co-culture L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus in the following order: ultrasound-treated (8.418 and 7.829) > viable + ultrasound-treated (8.376 and 7.204) > heat-treated (7.588 and 6.987) > viable + heat-treated (7.536 and 6.483) > viable (7.425 and 5.157). The surface hydrophobicity obtained by spectrophotometry (%) enhanced from 40.5% in viable to 71.9% and 60.6% in ultrasound and heat-treated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus. α-helix and β-turn structures in L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus reduced to (20.7 and 22.6%) and (26.9 and 27.2%) further LAB inactivated by thermosensation and heating compared to α-helix and β-turn structures in viable LAB, respectively (16.1 and 26.1%). To prove that the reduction of the OTA by LAB caused a substantial reduction of their toxic performances, micronucleus (MN) experiments were carried out with human-derived hepatoma cell line cells. Indeed, a considerable decrease of OTA caused a substantial reduction of MN induction and the inhibition of the cell division rates (i.e., the decline of BNC formation) by the OTA was significantly reduced in the ultrasonicated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus.

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Research data are not shared.

Abbreviations

LAV:

Viable L. acidophilus

LRV:

Viable L. rhamnosus

LARV:

Viable L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus

LAVH:

Viable + heat-treated L. acidophilus

LRVH:

Viable + heat-treated L. rhamnosus

LARVH:

Viable + heat-treated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus

LAH:

Heat-treated L. acidophilus

LRH:

Heat-treated L. rhamnosus

LARH:

Heat-treated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus

LAU:

Ultrasound-treated L. acidophilus

LRU:

Ultrasound-treated L. rhamnosus

LARU:

Ultrasound-treated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus

LAVU:

Viable + ultrasound-treated L. acidophilus

LRVU:

Viable + ultrasound-treated L. rhamnosus

LARVU:

Viable + ultrasound-treated L. acidophilus + L. rhamnosus

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

HepG2:

Human-derived hepatoma cell line

MN:

Micronucleus

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

PSOM:

Pseudo-second-order model

PFOM:

Pseudo-first-order model

IDM:

Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model

EM:

Elovich model

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran

    Elahe Abedi & Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran

    Maryam Mousavifard

Authors
  1. Elahe Abedi
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  2. Maryam Mousavifard
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  3. Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi
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Contributions

EA wrote the manuscript conceived and designed the research and analyzed the data. MM and SMBH conducted experiments. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Elahe Abedi or Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi.

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Abedi, E., Mousavifard, M. & Hashemi, S.M.B. Ultrasound-Assisted Detoxification of Ochratoxin A: Comparative Study of Cell Wall Structure, Hydrophobicity, and Toxin Binding Capacity of Single and Co-culture Lactic Acid Bacteria. Food Bioprocess Technol 15, 539–560 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02767-7

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