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Ultrasound-Assisted Air-Drying of Apple (Malus domestica L.) and Its Effects on the Vitamin of the Dried Product

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Abstract

This work has examined the influence of ultrasonic-assisted air-drying on the dehydration of apple (Malus domestica L. var Royal Gala) and its influence in the availability of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and E of the dried product. This study also has estimated the effective water diffusivity in air-drying process subjected to ultrasonic waves. The water effective diffusivity increased by up to 79 % by ultrasound application, which caused a reduction of about 35 % in the total drying time compared to the air-drying without sonication. The application of ultrasound increased the availability of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 in the dried product. A loss of vitamins B5 and E were observed for all studied drying conditions.

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Abbreviations

a :

Half-length of the cubic sample (m)

ABSSample :

Sample (dried apple) absorbance

ABSReference :

Control (raw apple) absorbance

D :

Effective diffusivity (m2/s)

t :

Time (s)

W :

Average moisture content of the fruit (gwater/gdry solids)

W crit :

Critical moisture content (gwater/gdry solids)

W eq :

Equilibrium moisture content (gwater/gdry solids)

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the financial support of the Brazilian funding agency CNPq and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (Ref. DPI2013-37466-C03-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Fabiano A. N. Fernandes

  2. Departamento de Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Sueli Rodrigues

  3. Grupo de Análisis y Simulación de Procesos Agroalimentarios, Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Juan A. Cárcel & José V. García-Pérez

Authors
  1. Fabiano A. N. Fernandes
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  2. Sueli Rodrigues
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  3. Juan A. Cárcel
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  4. José V. García-Pérez
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Correspondence to Sueli Rodrigues.

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Fernandes, F.A.N., Rodrigues, S., Cárcel, J.A. et al. Ultrasound-Assisted Air-Drying of Apple (Malus domestica L.) and Its Effects on the Vitamin of the Dried Product. Food Bioprocess Technol 8, 1503–1511 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-015-1519-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-015-1519-7

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