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Update on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Tic Disorders: A Review of the Current Literature

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Abstract

Tic disorders impact quality of life, but when they are co-occurring with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the combined impact takes a toll on psychosocial functioning and adds another layer of complexity to treatment approaches. A review of the current literature supports evidence of a unique relationship between comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and tic disorders, emphasizing the intricate phenotype and impairment associated with these co-occurring conditions. The complexity of these symptoms requires careful diagnosis and appropriate treatment as determined by the level of impairment and can include pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, or a combination of therapies. To achieve the greatest benefits in improving quality of life and eliminating further comorbidity, an ideal treatment plan would include a comprehensive evaluation as well as a hierarchical treatment approach involving education of the child, family, and teachers; careful medication management; and cognitive and behavioral training.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Murphy has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Disclosure

Dr. Murphy has served on boards for the Tourette Syndrome Association and the International OCD Foundation; has received grant support from the Otsuka Pharmaceutical Group, Indevus Pharmaceuticals, and Shire; has received honoraria from the Arizona Psychiatric Association; and has had travel/accommodations expenses covered or reimbursed for attendance at Tourette Syndrome Association meetings/lectures and by various venues for giving talks or participating in committee meetings.

Dr. Simpson and Ms. Jung reported no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, 800 6th Street South, Fourth Floor North, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Heather A. Simpson, Leah Jung & Tanya K. Murphy

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  1. Heather A. Simpson
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  2. Leah Jung
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  3. Tanya K. Murphy
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Correspondence to Tanya K. Murphy.

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Simpson, H.A., Jung, L. & Murphy, T.K. Update on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Tic Disorders: A Review of the Current Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 13, 351–356 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-011-0223-1

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