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Epidemiology, Prevention, and Potential Future Treatments of Sexually Transmitted Zika Virus Infection

  • Davidson H. HamerEmail author
  • Mary E. Wilson
  • Jenny Jean
  • Lin H. Chen
Tropical, Travel and Emerging Infections (L Chen, Section Editor)
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. Topical Collection on Tropical, Travel and Emerging Infections

Abstract

Purpose of Review

While mosquitoes have been primarily responsible for outbreaks of Zika virus worldwide, most prominently in the Americas during 2015 and 2016, there has been increased recognition of the importance of sexual transmission. We review human reports and animal model studies of Zika sexual transmission and summarize potential therapeutic candidates.

Recent Findings

Male-to-female, male-to-male, and female-to-male transmission has been reported, among unprotected sexual contacts of returning travelers. Human studies have shown the potential importance of long-term persistence of Zika virus in semen while animal models have begun to yield important insights into pathogenesis of Zika infection of the genital tract.

Summary

Adherence to federal and global guidelines for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus from travelers to their sexual partners represents the best strategy for reducing the risk of transmission outside of endemic areas. Active research on potential treatments may soon yield candidates for clinical trials.

Keywords

Zika virus Epidemiology Sexual transmission Semen 
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Notes

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

Drs. Hamer, Wilson, Jean, and Chen declare no conflicts of interests

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by the author.

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Davidson H. Hamer
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    Email author
  • Mary E. Wilson
    • 4
    • 5
  • Jenny Jean
    • 6
  • Lin H. Chen
    • 7
    • 8
  1. 1.Center for Global Health and DevelopmentBoston University School of Public HealthBostonUSA
  2. 2.Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthBostonUSA
  3. 3.Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonUSA
  4. 4.University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
  5. 5.Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUSA
  6. 6.Boston University School of MedicineBostonUSA
  7. 7.Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA
  8. 8.Travel Medicine CenterMount Auburn HospitalCambridgeUSA

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