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Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis

  • HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In the gastro-intestinal tract, the complex network of multiple innate cell populations play critical roles not only as a first line of defense against invading pathogens and in driving adaptive immune responses but also in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Here, we describe the roles of various innate immune cell populations in gut immunity and detail studies investigating the impact of acute and chronic HIV infection on these cell populations.

Recent Findings

Alterations in frequencies, phenotype and/or function of innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate-like T cells have been reported in people with HIV (PWH), with many of these features persisting despite anti-retroviral therapy and virological suppression.

Summary

Dysregulated gut innate immunity in PWH is a feature of gut pathogenesis. A greater understanding of the mechanisms driving impairment in the multiple different gut innate immune cell populations and the downstream consequences of an altered innate immune response on host defense and gut homeostasis in PWH is needed to develop more effective HIV treatments and cure strategies.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge and give our sincere thanks to all the study participants who generously contributed their time and biological samples to the many clinical studies detailed in this review. We would also like to acknowledge and thank Steven Lada for his assistance with the in vitro studies detailed in Fig. 1.

Funding

S.M.D. and C.C.W. are currently supported by funding from NIH (R01AI118983; R01AI134220; R21AG062932). Previously unpublished studies included in this review were supported by R01AI134220. Published studies conducted by Drs. Dillon and Wilson mentioned in this review were supported by R01DK088663, R01AI118983, and R01AI108404.

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  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Stephanie M. Dillon & Cara C. Wilson

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  1. Stephanie M. Dillon
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  2. Cara C. Wilson
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Correspondence to Stephanie M. Dillon.

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All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors that were previously published complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment

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Dillon, S.M., Wilson, C.C. Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 18, 128–138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-021-00544-3

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