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Tools for Visualizing HIV in Cure Research

  • HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and N Utay, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The long-lived HIV reservoir remains a major obstacle for an HIV cure. Current techniques to analyze this reservoir are generally population-based. We highlight recent developments in methods visualizing HIV, which offer a different, complementary view, and provide indispensable information for cure strategy development.

Recent Findings

Recent advances in fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques enabled key developments in reservoir visualization. Flow cytometric detection of HIV mRNAs, concurrently with proteins, provides a high-throughput approach to study the reservoir on a single-cell level. On a tissue level, key spatial information can be obtained detecting viral RNA and DNA in situ by fluorescence microscopy. At total-body level, advancements in non-invasive immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) detection of HIV proteins may allow an encompassing view of HIV reservoir sites.

Summary

HIV imaging approaches provide important, complementary information regarding the size, phenotype, and localization of the HIV reservoir. Visualizing the reservoir may contribute to the design, assessment, and monitoring of HIV cure strategies in vitro and in vivo.

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Acknowledgements

Figure 1 has been adapted using images from Servier Medical Art (http://servier.com/Powerpoint-image-bank).

Funding

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants RO1 HL-092565 (D.E.K); NIAID UM1AI100663 (CHAVI-ID) (D.E.K; Dennis Burton, principal investigator), and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (project grant # 377124: D.E.K). AEB is the recipient of a CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship (award no. 152536); DEK is supported by a FRQS Senior Research Scholar Award (award no. 31035).

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  1. Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900, St-Denis Street, Room 09-456, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada

    Julia Niessl, Amy E. Baxter & Daniel E. Kaufmann

  2. Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), La Jolla, CA, USA

    Julia Niessl, Amy E. Baxter & Daniel E. Kaufmann

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  1. Julia Niessl
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Correspondence to Daniel E. Kaufmann.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment

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Niessl, J., Baxter, A.E. & Kaufmann, D.E. Tools for Visualizing HIV in Cure Research. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 15, 39–48 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-018-0376-1

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