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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Coronary Heart Disease: the Next Surge

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this narrative review, we highlight different ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted coronary heart disease (CHD) burden and how a surge in morbidity and mortality may be expected in the near future. We also discuss potential solutions, and the direction subsequent research and corrective actions should take.

Recent Findings

COVID-19 has been implicated in the development and worsening of CHD via acute and chronic mechanisms in the form of plaque rupture, destabilization, and sustenance of a chronic inflammatory state leading to long COVID syndrome and increased rates of myocardial infarction. However, indirectly the pandemic is likely to further escalate the CHD burden through poor health behaviors such as tobacco consumption, reduced physical activity, economic devastation and its associated sequelae, and regular cardiac care interruptions and delays.

Summary

COVID-19 has increased the total CHD burden and will require extensive resource allocation and multifaceted strategies to curb future rise.

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Funding

Farhala Baloch is a Fogarty fellow supported by Fogarty International Center NIH award #D43TW011625.

Salim S. Virani reports research grants from NIH, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA IIR 19-069 and VA IIR 16-072), Tahir and Jooma Family.

Zainab Samad reports grants from the following: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF #INV-021944, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Fogarty International Center, U.S. #D43TW011625, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation #383000239, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF #INV-050389, National Institute for Health and Care Research #NIHR203248, and FIC-NIH #U54TW012089.

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  1. The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Asim Shaikh, Sarim Dawar Khan, Farhala Baloch, Salim S. Virani & Zainab Samad

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  2. Sarim Dawar Khan
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Contributions

Literature search: Asim Shaikh, Sarim Dawar Khan, Farhala Baloch.

Drafting of work: Asim Shaikh, Sarim Dawar Khan, Farhala Baloch, Zainab Samad, Salim S Virani.

Critical revision of work: Zainab Samad, Salim S Virani.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zainab Samad.

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Conflict of Interest

Salim S. Virani is a Section Editor for the journals Current Atherosclerosis Reports and Current Cardiology Reports, for which he receives honoraria. He also reports he received honorarium for his role as Associate Editor for Innovations, acc.org (ended June 2021).

Zainab Samad served on the Cytokinetics publication committee.

The other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Shaikh, A., Khan, S.D., Baloch, F. et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Coronary Heart Disease: the Next Surge. Curr Atheroscler Rep 25, 559–569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01131-0

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