Abstract
This paper gives a detailed analysis of the Cannon–Thurston maps associated to a general class of hyperbolic free group extensions. Let F denote a free group of finite rank at least 3 and consider a convex cocompact subgroup Γ ≤ Out(F), i.e. one for which the orbit map from Γ into the free factor complex of F is a quasi-isometric embedding. The subgroup Γ determines an extension E Γ of F, and the main theorem of Dowdall–Taylor [DT14] states that in this situation E Γ is hyperbolic if and only if Γ is purely atoroidal.
Here, we give an explicit geometric description of the Cannon–Thurston maps ∂F → ∂E Γ for these hyperbolic free group extensions, the existence of which follows from a general result of Mitra. In particular, we obtain a uniform bound on the multiplicity of the Cannon–Thurston map, showing that this map has multiplicity at most 2 rank(F). This theorem generalizes the main result of Kapovich and Lustig [KL15] which treats the special case where Γ is infinite cyclic. We also answer a question of Mahan Mitra by producing an explicit example of a hyperbolic free group extension for which the natural map from the boundary of Γ to the space of laminations of the free group (with the Chabauty topology) is not continuous.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Bestvina and M. Feighn, Outer limits, Preprint 1994; http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/feighn/papers/outer.pdf, 2013.
M. Bestvina and M. Feighn, Hyperbolicity of the complex of free factors, Adv. Math. 256 (2014), 104–155.
M. Bestvina, M. Feighn and M. Handel, Laminations,trees,and irreducible automorphisms of free groups, Geom. Funct. Anal. 7 (1997), 215–244.
M. Bestvina and M. Handel, Train tracks and automorphisms of free groups, Ann. of Math. (1992), 1–51.
B. H. Bowditch, The Cannon-Thurston map for punctured-surface groups, Math. Z. 255 (2007), 35–76.
B. H. Bowditch, Stacks of hyperbolic spaces and ends of 3-manifolds, in Geometry and topology down under, Contemp. Math., Vol. 597, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2013, pp. 65–138.
O. Baker and T. R. Riley, Cannon-Thurston maps do not always exist, Forum Math. Sigma 1 (2013), e3, 11.
M. Bestvina and P. Reynolds, The boundary of the complex of free factors, Duke Math. J. 164 (2015), 2213–2251.
P. Brinkmann, Hyperbolic automorphisms of free groups, Geom. Funct. Anal. 10 (2000), 1071–1089.
T. Coulbois and A. Hilion, Botany of irreducible automorphisms of free groups, Pacific J. Math. 256 (2012), 291–307.
T. Coulbois and A. Hilion, Rips induction: index of the dual lamination of an R-tree, Groups Geom. Dyn. 8 (2014), 97–134.
T. Coulbois, A. Hilion and M. Lustig, Which R-trees can be mapped continuously to a current?, Draft preprint, 2006.
T. Coulbois, A. Hilion and M. Lustig, Non-unique ergodicity, observers’ topology and the dual algebraic lamination for R-trees, Illinois J. Math. 51 (2007), 897–911.
T. Coulbois, A. Hilion and M. Lustig, R-trees and laminations for free groups. I. Algebraic laminations, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 78 (2008), 723–736.
T. Coulbois, A. Hilion and M. Lustig, R-trees and laminations for free groups. II. The dual lamination of an R-tree, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 78 (2008), 737–754.
T. Coulbois, A. Hilion and P. Reynolds, Indecomposable FN-trees and minimal laminations, Groups Geom. Dyn. 9 (2015), 567–597.
M. M. Cohen and M. Lustig, Very small group actions on R-trees and Dehn twist automorphisms, Topology 34 (1995), 575–617.
R. D. Canary, A. Marden and D. Epstein, Fundamentals of hyperbolic manifolds: Selected expositions, Vol. 328, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
J. W. Cannon and W. P. Thurston, Group invariant Peano curves, Geom. Topol. 11 (2007), 1315–1355.
M. Culler and K. Vogtmann, Moduli of graphs and automorphisms of free groups, Invent. Math. 84 (1986), 91–119.
S. Dowdall and S. J. Taylor, Hyperbolic extensions of free groups, Preprint arXiv:1406.2567, 2014.
S. Dowdall and S. J. Taylor, The co-surface graph and the geometry of hyperbolic free group extensions, Preprint arXiv:1601.00101, 2016.
M. Feighn and M. Handel, The recognition theorem for Out(Fn), Groups Geom. Dyn. 5 (2011), 39–106.
S. Francaviglia and A. Martino, Metric properties of outer space, Publ. Mat. 55 (2011), 433–473.
V. Gerasimov, Floyd maps for relatively hyperbolic groups, Geom. Funct. Anal. 22 (2012), 1361–1399.
V. Guirardel, Approximations of stable actions on R-trees, Comment. Math. Helv. 73 (1998), 89–121.
V. Guirardel, Actions of finitely generated groups on R-trees, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 58 (2008), 159–211.
U. Hamenstädt, The boundary of the free factor graph and the free splitting graph, Preprint arXiv:1211.1630, 2012.
U. Hamenstädt and S. Hensel, Convex cocompact subgroups of Out(Fn), Preprint arXiv:1411.2281, 2014.
M. Handel and L. Mosher, Axes in outer space., Vol. 213, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 2011.
A. Hatcher and K. Vogtmann, The complex of free factors of a free group, Quart. J. Math. 49 (1998), 459–468.
W. Jeon, I. Kapovich, C. Leininger and K. Ohshika, Conical limit points and the Cannon-Thurston map, Conform. Geom. Dyn. 20 (2016), 58–80.
A. Jäger and M. Lustig, Free group automorphisms with many fixed points at infinity, Geometry & Topology Monographs 14 (2008), 321–333.
I. Kapovich and M. Lustig, Geometric intersection number and analogues of the curve complex for free groups, Geom. Topol. 13 (2009), 1805–1833.
I. Kapovich and M. Lustig, Ping-pong and Outer space, J. Topol. Anal. 2 (2010), 173–201.
I. Kapovich and M. Lustig, Stabilizers of R-trees with free isometric actions of FN, J. Group Theory 14 (2011), 673–694.
I. Kapovich and M. Lustig, Invariant laminations for irreducible automorphisms of free groups, Q. J. Math. 65 (2014), 1241–1275.
I. Kapovich and M. Lustig, Cannon–Thurston fibers for iwip automorphisms of FN, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 91 (2015), 203–224.
E. Klarreich, Semiconjugacies between Kleinian group actions on the Riemann sphere, Amer. J. Math. 121 (1999), 1031–1078.
G. Levitt, Automorphisms of hyperbolic groups and graphs of groups, Geom. Dedicata 114 (2005), 49–70.
C. Leininger, D. D. Long and A. W. Reid, Commensurators of finitely generated nonfree Kleinian groups, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 11 (2011), 605–624.
C. J. Leininger, M. Mj and S. Schleimer, The universal Cannon-Thurston map and the boundary of the curve complex, Comment. Math. Helv. 86 (2011), 769–816.
B. Mann, Some hyperbolic Out(FN)-graphs and nonunique ergodicity of very small FN-trees, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 2014, Thesis (Ph.D.)–The University of Utah.
C. T. McMullen, Local connectivity, Kleinian groups and geodesics on the blowup of the torus, Invent. Math. 146 (2001), 35–91.
M. Mitra, Ending laminations for hyperbolic group extensions, Geom. Funct. Anal. 7 (1997), 379–402.
M. Mitra, Cannon-Thurston maps for hyperbolic group extensions, Topology 37 (1998), 527–538.
M. Mitra, Cannon-Thurston maps for trees of hyperbolic metric spaces, J. Differential Geom. 48 (1998), 135–164.
M. Mitra, Coarse extrinsic geometry: a survey, in The Epstein birthday schrift, Geom. Topol. Monogr., Vol. 1, Geom. Topol. Publ., Coventry, 1998, pp. 341–364 (electronic).
H. Miyachi, Moduli of continuity of Cannon-Thurston maps, in Spaces of Kleinian groups, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., Vol. 329, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2006, pp. 121–149.
M. Mj, Cannon-Thurston maps for surface groups, Ann. of Math. (2) 179 (2014), 1–80.
M. Mj, Ending laminations and Cannon-Thurston maps, Geom. Funct. Anal. 24 (2014), 297–321, With an appendix by Shubhabrata Das and Mj.
M. Mj and A. Pal, Relative hyperbolicity, trees of spaces and Cannon-Thurston maps, Geom. Dedicata 151 (2011), 59–78.
B. Mann and P. Reynolds, In preparation.
M. Mj and K. Rafi, Algebraic ending laminations and quasiconvexity, Preprint arXiv:1506.08036v2, 2015.
H. Namazi, A. Pettet and P. Reynolds, Ergodic decompositions for folding and unfolding paths in outer space, Preprint arXiv:1410.8870, 2014.
F. Paulin, The Gromov topology on R-trees, Topology Appl. 32 (1989), 197–221.
C. Pfaff, Out(F3) Index Realization, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 159 (2015), 445–458.
P. Reynolds, Reducing systems for very small trees, Preprint arXiv:1211.3378, 2012.
E. Rips and Z. Sela, Cyclic splittings of finitely presented groups and the canonical JSJ decomposition, Ann. of Math. (2) 146 (1997), 53–109.
S. J. Taylor and G. Tiozzo, Random extensions of free groups and surface groups are hyperbolic, Int. Math. Res. Notices (2016), 294–310.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dowdall, S., Kapovich, I. & Taylor, S.J. Cannon–Thurston maps for hyperbolic free group extensions. Isr. J. Math. 216, 753–797 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-016-1426-2
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-016-1426-2