Abstract
The industrial rolling of aluminum alloys is generally conducted in multistage schedules of 10–15 passes partly on reversing mills and partly on continuous mills with temperature declining from 500°C to between 300°C and 250°C. Static recrystallization may take place in long intervals after passes with higher temperature and strain. During lower temperature intervals, only static recovery takes place so that in the following passes the flow curves exhibit higher initial stresses. Dynamic recovery decreases gradually through the hot-, warm-, and cold-working ranges but is reduced as the concentration of solutes and particles increase. Recrystallization is much more sensitive to temperature and alloying and is retarded by increased dynamic recovery. The texture of sheet depends on lattice-dependent Taylor rotations during dislocation slip, enhanced recovery of certain deformation band orientations, and preferred nucleation and growth during interpass pauses or annealing. Schedule optimization can be guided by physical simulation or modeling based on recrystallization kinetics to attain selected strengthening substructure, recrystallized grain size, and texture for product earing control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.M. Raynaud, B. Grange, and C. Sigli, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties, ICAA3, ed. L. Arnberg (Trondheim: NTH, SINTEFF, 1992), pp. 169–214.
J. Marshall, Mat. Sci. Forum, 217–222 (1996), pp. 19–30.
H.J. McQueen, J. Mat. Proc. Tech., 37 (1993), pp. 3–36.
H.J. McQueen and O.C. Celliers, Materials Forum, 17 (1993), pp. 1–13.
H.J. McQueen and O.C. Celliers, Can Metal. Quart., 36 (1997), pp. 73–86.
H.J. McQueen and J.J. Jonas, J. Appl. Metal Working, 3 (1984), pp. 233–241, 410–420.
H.J. McQueen and D.L. Bourell, J. Met., 39 (7) (1987), pp. 28–35.
H.J. McQueen, Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys, eds. T.G. Langdon and H.D. Merchant (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1991), pp. 31–54.
W. Blum and H.J. McQueen, Mat. Sci. Forum, 217–222 (1996), pp. 31–42.
H.J. McQueen, R.D. Doherty et al., Mat. Sci. Eng., 238 (1998), pp. 219–274.
H.J. McQueen and W. Blum, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, ReX ’96, ed. T.R. McNelley (Monterey, CA: Onterey Inst. Advanced Studies, 1997), pp. 123–136.
H.J. McQueen and W. Blum, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties ICAA6, ed. T. Sato (Japan: Japan Inst. Metals, 1998).
H.J. McQueen et al., Advances in Hot Deformation Textures and Microstructures, eds. J.J. Jonas, T.R. Bieler, and K.J. Bowman (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 235–250.
A. Berger, P.J. Wilbrandt, and P. Haasen, Acta Metall., 31 (1983), pp. 1433–1443.
D.A. Hughes and N. Hansen, Advances in Hot Deformation Textures and Microstructures, ed. J.J. Jonas et al. (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1995), pp. 427–444.
N. Hansen and D. Juul-Jensen, Hot Working of Al Alloys, ed. T.G. Langdon et al. (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1991), pp. 3–20.
D.A. Hughes and Y.L. Liu, Ibid,, pp. 21–30.
M. Richert and H.J. McQueen, Hot Workability of Steels and Light Alloys-Composites, ed. H.J. McQueen, E.V. Konopleva, and N.D. Ryan (Montreal: Met. Soc. CIM, 1996), pp. 15–26.
H.J. McQueen, Mat. Sci. Eng., A101 (1987), pp. 149–160.
H.J. McQueen, E. Evangelista, and N.D. Ryan, Recrystallization in Metals and Materials, ed. T. Chandra (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 89–100.
H.J. McQueen, E. Evangelista, and M.E. Kassner, Z. Metalkde, 82 (1991), pp. 336–345.
H.J. McQueen and S. Gourdet, submitted to Scripta Mater.
H. Abral and W. Blum, Al Alloys; Physical, Mechanical Properties ICAA6, ed. T. Sato (Japan: Japan Inst. Metals, 1998).
D. Ponge, M. Bredehoft and G. Gottstein, Scripta Mater., 37 (1997), pp. 1769–1775.
H. Yamagata, Scripta Metal. Mat., 30 (1994), pp. 411–416.
M.E. Kassner et al., Scripta Metal. Mat., 31 (1994), pp. 1331–1336.
I. Poschmann and H.J. McQueen, Z. Metallkde., 87 (1996), pp. 349–356.
I. Poschmann and H.J. McQueen, Z. Metallkde., 88 (1997), pp. 14–22.
H.J. McQueen et al., Proc. 3rd Intnl. SAMPE Metals Conf. (Toronto: SAMPE, 1992), pp. M192-M206.
G. Avramovic-Cingara et al., Intl. Symp. on Light Metals Processing and Applications (Montreal: Met. Soc.-CIM, 1993), pp. 495–510.
N.D. Ryan and H.J. McQueen, Mat. Sci. Tech., 7 (1991), pp. 815–828.
N.D. Ryan and H.J. McQueen, Can. Met. Quart., 30 (1991), pp. 113–124.
E. Evangelista et al., Stainless Steels 1991 (Chiba) (Tokyo, Japan: Iron Steel Inst., 1991), pp. 842–849.
N.D. Ryan and H.J. McQueen, J. Mat. Proc. Tech., 36 (1993), pp. 103–123.
H.J. McQueen and N.D. Ryan, Strip Casting, Hot and Cold Working of Stainless Steels, eds. N.D. Ryan, A. Brown, and H.J. McQueen (Montreal: CIMM, 1993), pp. 91–106.
F.J. Humphreys and M. Hatherley, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena (Oxford, CT: Pergamon Press, 1995).
R.D. Doherty, Microstructural and Crystallographic Aspects of Recrystallization, ed. N. Hansen et al. (Roskilde, DK: Riso Natl. Lab, 1995), pp. 1–23.
H.J. McQueen and J.J. Jonas, Aluminum Alloys ’90, ICAA2, ed. C.Q. Chen (Beijing: Intern. Academic Publishing, 1990), pp. 727–742.
H.J. McQueen, Trans. Japan Inst. Metals Supp., 9 (1968), pp. 170–177.
J.P. Immarigeon and H.J. McQueen, Can. Metal. Quart, 8 (1969), pp. 25–34.
S.J. Hales, T.R. McNelley, and H.J. McQueen, Met. Trans., 22A (1991), pp. 1037–1047.
D.B. Brooks, H. Gudmundsen, and J.A. Wert, in Ref. 8, pp. 55–58.
B.M. Watts et al., Met. Sci., 10 (1976), pp. 189–197, 198–205.
S. Gourdet et al., Mat. Sci. Forum, 217–222 (1996), pp. 441–446.
S. Gourdet, Ph.D. thesis, Ecole National Superior des Mines de Saint Etienne, France (1997).
J.K. Solberg et al., Phil. Mag., 60 (1989), pp. 447–471, 473–485.
M.E. Kassner and M.E. McMahon, Met. Trans., 18A (1987), pp. 835–846.
M.E. Kassner, M.M. Myshlyaev, and H.J. McQueen, Mat Sci. Eng., A108 (1989), pp. 45–61.
C.S. Barrett and L.H. Levenson, Trans. AIME, 137 (1990), pp. 112–127.
H.J. McQueen, in Ref. 8, pp. 105–120.
H.J. McQueen, H. Chia, and E.A. Starke, Microstructural Control in Al Alloy Processing, eds. H. Chia and H.J. McQueen (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1985), pp. 1–18.
H.J. McQueen, K. Conrod, and G. Avramovic-Cingara, Can. Metal. Q., 32 (1993), pp. 375–386.
H.E. Vatne, R.K. Bolingbroke, and E. Nes, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties ICAA4, eds. T.H. Sanders and E.A. Starke (Atlanta, GA: Georgia Inst. Tech., 1994), pp. 251–258.
E. Nes et al., Aluminum Alloys Physical and Mechanical Properties (ICAA4), 2, eds. T. Sanders and E. A. Starke (Atlanta, GA: Georgia Inst. Tech., 1994), pp. 250–257.
H.J. Mcqueen and N. Ryum, Scand. J. Met., 14 (1985), pp. 183–194.
C.M. Sellars and W.J. McG. Tegart, Int. Met. Rev., 17 (1972), pp. 1–24.
R.W. Evans and G.R. Dunstan, J. Inst. Metals, 99 (1971), pp. 4–14.
C.M. Sellars, A.M. Irisarri, and E.S. Puchi, Microstructural Control of Al Alloys, eds. E.H. Chia and H.J. McQueen (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1987), pp. 179–196.
J.M. Belling et al., Recrystallization ’90, ed. T. Chandra (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 655–660.
C.M. Sellars, Recrystallization and Related Phenomena (Monterey, CA: Monterey Inst. Advanced Study, 1997), pp. 81–94; (with Q. Zhu), pp. 195–202.
G.J. Baxter et al., Mat. Sci. Forum, 217–222 (1996), pp. 459–464.
T. Hasegawa, T. Yakou, and U.F. Kocks, Acta Met., 30 (1982), p. 235; 27 (1979), p. 1705.
J.A. Wert et al., Met. Trans., 12A (1981), pp. 1267–1276.
R. Crooks, S.J. Hales, and T.R. McNelley, Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming, ed. C.H. Hamilton and N.E. Paton (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1988), pp. 389–394.
T. Sheppard, N.C. Parson, and M.A. Zandi, Metal Sci., 17 (1983), pp. 481–490.
N. Ragunathan et al., in Ref. 8, pp. 389–416.
M.A. Zaidi and T. Sheppard, Metal Sci., 16 (1982), pp. 229–238.
J. Hirsch, K. Karhausen, and R. Kopp, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties (ICAA4), eds. T. Sanders and E.A. Starke (Atlanta, GA: Georgia Inst. Tech., 1994), pp. 476–483.
J. Hirsch, Thermec ’97, eds. T. Chandra and T. Sakai (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1998), pp. 1083–1094.
J. Hirsch and O. Engler, Microstructural and Crystallographic Aspects of Recrystallization, eds. N. Hansen et al. (Roskilde, DK: Riso Natl. Lab., 1995), pp. 49–62.
H.J. McQueen et al., Microstruct. Sci., 17 (1989), pp. 375–392.
D. McLean and A.E.L. Tate, Rev. Met., 48 (1951), pp. 765–775.
J. Schey, Acta Tech. Acad. Sci. Hung., 16 (1957), pp. 131–152.
R. Leguet, D. Whitwham, and J. Herenguel, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 59 (1962), pp. 649–671.
H.J. McQueen et al., Met. Trans., 26A (1995), pp. 1757–1766.
H.J. McQueen and H. Mecking, Z. Metallkde., 78 (1987), pp. 387–395.
H.J. McQueen and J.E. Hockett, Met. Trans., 1 (1970), pp. 2997–3004.
D. Hardwick and W.J. McG. Tegart, J. Inst. Met., 90 (1961–1962), pp. 17–21.
M.M. Farag, C.M. Sellars, and W.J. McG. Tegart, Deformation under Hot Working Conditions (London: Iron & Steel Inst., 1968), pp. 60–67.
J.R. Cotner and W.J. McG. Tegart, J. Inst. Metals, 97 (1969), pp. 73–79.
T.B. Vaughan, J. Inst. Metals, 79 (1969), pp. 68–77
S.R. Goodman and H. Hu, Trans. AIME, 230 (1964), pp. 1413–1419; 233 (1965), pp. 103–110.
J.R. Hirsch, Thermomechanical Processing in Theory Modeling and Practice (Stockholm: 1996), pp. 78–91.
J.R. Hirsch, in Ref. 8, pp. 379–389.
C. Rossard, Microstructure and Design of Alloys ICSMA, 3 (2) (London: Inst. Metals, 1973), pp. 175–203.
A. LeBon, J. Rofes-Vernis, and C. Rossard, Metal. Sci., 9 (1975), pp. 36–40.
H.J. McQueen, Can. Metal. Quart., 21 (1982), pp. 445–460.
H.J. McQueen et al., Proc. 37 Mech. Working and Steel Processing Conf. (Warrendale PA: ISS, 1996), pp. 883–894.
H.J. McQueen et al., Advanced Materials and Technologies, eds. L.A. Dobrzanski (Gliwice, Poland: Silesian Tech. Univ., 1995), pp. 295–332.
H.J. McQueen and I. Poschman, Thermec ’97, eds. T. Chandra and T. Sakai (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1997), pp. 951–957.
W. Blum et al., Z. Metalkde., 87 (1996), pp. 341–348.
I. Poschmann and H.J. McQueen, Scripta Metal. Mat., 35 (1996), pp. 1123–1128.
H.L. Yiu et al., Scripta Metal. Mat., 35 (1996), pp. 509–525.
C.M. Sellars, Hot Working and Forming Processes, eds. C.M. Sellars and G.J. Davies (London: Metals Soc., 1980), pp. 3–15.
C.M. Sellars, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties, ICAA3, eds. L. Arnberg et al. (Trondheim: NIH-SINTEFF, 1992), pp. 89–105.
G.C. Reyes and J.H. Beynon, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties, ICAA3, 64, eds. L. Arnberg et al. (Trondheim: NTH-SINTEFF, 1992), pp. 491–508.
H.E. Vatne, T. Furu, and E. Nes, Al Alloys, Physical Mechanical Properties, ICAA3, 58, eds. L. Arnberg et al. (Trondheim: NTH-SINTEFF, 1992), pp. 95–108.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
H.J. McQueen earned his Ph.D. in metallurgy at Notre Dame in 1961. He is currently professor emeritus of mechanical engineering at Concordia University. Dr. McQueen is also a member of TMS.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McQueen, H.J. Substructural influence in the hot rolling of Al alloys. JOM 50, 28–33 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0124-x
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0124-x