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Novel Solanum torvum Fruit Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosphere as Excellent Electrode Material for Enhanced Symmetric Supercapacitor Performance

  • 2D Materials – Preparation, Properties & Applications
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Abstract

Biomass-based hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres offer an outstanding performance of electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage device applications. However, integrating all these advantages into one fabric is still a challenge. Therefore, this study aims to develop novel biomass of Solanum torvum fruit (STF) as a hierarchical porous carbon nanosphere source for high-quality electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The STF-based carbon nanospheres were synthesized with a green, sustainable strategy through ZnCl2 impregnation, carbonization, and physical activation. Through the 0.5 M ZnCl2, it was discovered that the carbon nanosphere maintains a dense spherical structure with enriched 3D "cow tripe-like" hierarchical pores. The optimized carbon nanosphere yielded a high specific surface area of 1176.29 m2g−1 with a nearly balanced combination of the micro-mesopores. The combination of the 3D hierarchical pore structure and densely packed nanospheres gave high electrochemical properties of the symmetric supercapacitor with a delightful specific capacitance of 154 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 in the H2SO4 electrolyte and high cyclic performance with coulombic efficiency ~ 84.5%. The energy density was boosted to 30.4 Whkg−1 in power density of 1.27 kWkg−1 5 Ag−1. Therefore, porous carbon nanospheres from novel STF biomass are ideal candidates as electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by second years Project of Word Class Research (WCR) in Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Republic of Indonesia, with the title “High energy and power densities of supercapacitor for the optimization of electrode supply process” Contract No. 1627/UN19.5.1.3/PT.01.03/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia

    Erman Taer, Nursyafni Syamsunar & Apriwandi Apriwandi

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic University Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia

    Rika Taslim

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  1. Erman Taer
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Taer, E., Syamsunar, N., Apriwandi, A. et al. Novel Solanum torvum Fruit Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosphere as Excellent Electrode Material for Enhanced Symmetric Supercapacitor Performance. JOM 75, 4494–4506 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-05801-x

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