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Phyto-Synthesis and Characterization of Parthenium-Mediated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and an Evaluation of Their Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities and Effect on Seed Germination

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Abstract

The present research provides a safe method for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus. The novelty of the present study is the utilization of P. hysterophorus biomass as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent for the production of iron oxide nanoparticles with antifungal and antioxidant potential. The size, shape, crystalline nature, stability, functional groups, and purity of as-synthesized nanoparticles were analysed. Spherically shaped, with an average size of 17.5 nm, highly stable and crystalline Parthenium-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles were produced. In addition, the antifungal activity was screened against fungal pathogens (Aspergillus niger and A. flavus) using well diffusion method. The growth of both funguses was inhibited by iron oxide nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A higher concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles showed higher free radical scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid. The IC50 value was 184.3 µg/ml. The seed germination assay was performed using Sesamum indicum and Arachis hypogaea. A lower concentration of Parthenium-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles, rather than higher ones, triggered the germination level. Parthenium-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles may be used as nano-fungicide in biomedical and agricultural fields to improve human health and agriculture productivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641014, India

    Rajiv Periakaruppan

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641021, India

    T. Selva Kumar

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641006, India

    P. Vanathi

  4. College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq

    Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi

  5. Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia

    Noura Al-Dayan

  6. Department of Molecular Analytics, Institute of Bioinformatics, SSE- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India

    Sugapriya Dhanasekaran

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  1. Rajiv Periakaruppan
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Contributions

R.P. and T.S.K. wrote the main manuscript. P.V. and G.R.L.A prepared figures. N.A. and S.D. reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajiv Periakaruppan or Sugapriya Dhanasekaran.

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Periakaruppan, R., Kumar, T.S., Vanathi, P. et al. Phyto-Synthesis and Characterization of Parthenium-Mediated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and an Evaluation of Their Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities and Effect on Seed Germination. JOM 75, 5235–5242 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-05760-3

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