Abstract
The integration of biodegradable and bioabsorbable magnesium implants into the human body is a complex undertaking that faces major challenges. Candidate biomaterials must meet both engineering and physiological requirements to ensure the desired properties. Historically, efforts have been focused on the behavior of commercial magnesium alloys in biological environments and their resultant effect on cell-mediated processes. Developing causal relationships between alloy chemistry and microstructure, and effects as a cellular behavior can be a difficult and time-intensive process. A systems design approach has the power to provide significant contributions in the development of the next generation of magnesium alloy implants with controlled degradability, biocompatibility, and optimized mechanical properties, at reduced time and cost. This approach couples experimental research with theory and mechanistic modeling for the accelerated development of materials. The aim of this article is to enumerate this strategy, design considerations, and hurdles for developing new cast magnesium alloys for use as biodegradable implant materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V.V. Troitskii and D.N. Tsitrin, Khirurgiia, 8 (1944), pp. 41–44.
A. Lambotte, Bull. Mem. Soc. Nat. Chir., 28 (1932), pp. 1325–1334.
F. Witte, Acta Biomaterialia, 6(5) (2010), pp. 1680–1692.
M.P. Staiger et al., Biomaterials, 27(9) (2006), pp. 1728–1734.
F. Witte et al., Biomaterials, 26(17) (2005), pp. 3557–3563.
Y.C. Xin et al., J. Materials Research, 22(7) (2007), pp. 2004–2011.
Z.J. Li et al., Biomaterials, 29(10) (2008), pp. 1329–1344.
A.C. Hanzi et al., Acta Biomaterialia, 5(1) (2009), pp. 162–171.
H.S. Brar et al., JOM, 61(9) (2009), pp. 31–34.
B. Heublein et al., Heart, 89 (2003), pp. 651–656.
M.B. Kannan and R.K.S. Raman, Biomaterials, 29(15) (2008), pp. 2306–2314.
F. Witte et al., Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 12(5–6) (2008), pp. 63–72.
L.P. Xu et al., J. Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 83A(3) (2007), pp. 703–711.
E.L. Zhang et al., J. Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 90A(3) (2009), pp. 882–893.
N. Hort et al., Acta Biomaterialia, 6(5) (2010), pp. 1714–1725.
M.M. Avedesian, H. Baker, and ASM International Handbook Committee, Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1999).
S.S.A. El-Rahman, Pharmacological Research, 47(3) (2003), pp. 189–194.
T.D. Luckey and B. Venugopal, Metal Toxicity in Mammals (New York: Plenum Press, 1977).
Y. Nakamura et al., Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 37(2) (1997), pp. 106–116.
J.I. Post, J.K. Eibl, and G.M. Ross, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 9(3) (2008), pp. 149–155.
T.P. Flaten, Brain Research Bulletin, 55(2) (2001), pp. 187–196.
S.G. Haines, The Complete Guide to Systems Thinking and Learning (Amherst, MA: HRD Press, 2000).
C.S. Smith, A Search for Structure: Selected Essays on Science, Art, and History(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981).
G.M. Jenkins, Systems Behaviour, ed. R.J. Beishon and G. Peters, (London, New York: Harper and Row [for] the Open University Press, 1972), pp. 56–79.
M.F. Ashby, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design. 3rd ed. (Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005).
D. Beyersmann, Toxicology Letters, 127(1–3) (2002), pp. 63–68.
R.A. Bozym et al., Experimental Biology and Medicine, 235(6) (2010), pp. 741–750.
V. Kumar and K.D. Gill, Archives of Toxicology, 83(11) (2009), pp. 965–978.
J.P. Thyssen and T. Menne, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 23(2) (2010), pp. 309–318.
R.C. Zeng et al., Advanced Engineering Materials, 10(8) (2008), pp. B3–B14.
M. Pourbaix, Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. 1st English ed. (Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press, 1966).
G. Song and A. Atrens, Advanced Engineering Materials, 9(3) (2007), pp. 177–183.
G.L. Song and A. Atrens, Advanced Engineering Materials, 1(1) (1999), pp. 11–33.
B. Zberg, P.J. Uggowitzer, and J.F. Loffler, Nature Materials, 8(11) (2009), pp. 887–891.
E. Nembach, Particle Strengthening of Metals and Alloys (New York: Wiley, 1997).
C.H. Caceres and D.M. Rovera, J. Light Metals, 1 (2001), pp. 151–156.
C.H. Caceres and A. Blake, Physica Status Solidi a-Applied Research, 194(1) (2002), pp. 147–158.
C.R. Brooks, Heat Treatment, Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys (Metals Park, OH: American Society for Metals, 1982).
V. Gerold and H. Haberkorn, Physica Status Solidi, 16(2) (1966), pp. 675–684.
R.E. Reed-Hill and R. Abbaschian, Physical Metallurgy Principles, 3rd ed., The PWS-KENT Series in Engineering (Boston, MA: PWS-Kent Pub., 1994).
B. Sundman, B. Jansson, and J.O. Andersson, Calphad-Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, 9(2) (1985), pp. 153–190.
C. Bale et al., Calphad-Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, 26(2) (2002), pp. 189–228.
G. Eriksson and E. Konigsberger, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80(6) (2008), pp. 1293–1302.
N. Saunders et al., JOM, 55(12) (2003), pp. 60–65.
S.L. Chen et al., Calphad-Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, 26(2) (2002), pp. 175–188.
W. Wu et al., Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 38(9) (2010), pp. 2829–2840.
J.S. Soares, J.E. Moore, and K.R. Rajagopal, J. Medical Devices-Transactions of the ASME, 4(4) (2010), p. 10.
J.S. Soares, J.E. Moore, and K.R. Rajagopal, Asaio Journal, 54(3) (2008), pp. 295–301.
D.L. McDowell and G.B. Olson, Scientific Modeling and Simulations, 15(1–3) (2008), pp. 207–240.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brar, H.S., Keselowsky, B.G., Sarntinoranont, M. et al. Design considerations for developing biodegradable and bioabsorbable magnesium implants. JOM 63, 100–104 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-011-0048-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-011-0048-8