Abstract
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important predatory insects found in many croplands, but their patterns of diversity and assemblage in diverse crop management practices remain understudied, especially in southeastern Asia. Their existence denotes a crucial need to update the diversity and assemblage pattern in diverse crop management practices. This study aims to (i) delimit ladybird species through DNA barcodes and (ii) compare the abundance of different ladybird taxa from different crop management practices. A total of 2260 ladybirds were collected and barcoded resulting in 12 species representing four subfamilies (Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae, Epilachninae, and Scymninae). Three predatory species dominated and were top contributors to the dissimilarity average for different crop management practices, i.e., Coccinella transversalis, Micraspis discolor, and Cheilomenes sexmaculata. Even though the effect of different crop management practices on ladybird abundance was insignificant (Kruskal Wallis, p-value > 0.05), their diversity significantly varied across different practices (diversity t-test, p-value < 0.05). Organic monocrop resulted in a higher value of Shannon index (H’), and richness than other management practices. Furthermore, monocrops comprised higher ladybird diversity than multicrops. While the species assemblage was not distinct (ANOSIM, p-value > 0.05), a variation in assemblage composition and spatial distribution concerning the different crop management employed (NMDS, stress value = 0.12) was observed. The hierarchical dendrogram distinguished six clusters of ladybirds between organic and conventional management practices. More explorations are required to uncover the various effects of crop management practices on ladybirds’ fitness and survival in different landscapes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
References
Abdalla H, Gamal Fiteha Y, Abdel-Salam Rashed M, Mohamed Ali R, Mohamed Abdel-Salam Hammad A, Saber Mohamed Bream A, Magdy M (2022) Molecular identification of ladybird beetles (Coccinella: Coccinellidae) using DNA Barcodes. J Scientific Res Sci 39:179–193. https://doi.org/10.21608/jsrs.2022.275796
Afshari A, Soleiman-Negadian E, Shishebor P (2009) Population density and spatial distribution of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in Gorgan, Iran. J Agric Sci Technol 11:27–38
Afza R, Afzal M, Majeed MZ, Riaz MA (2019) Effect of intra-guild predation and sub lethal concentrations of insecticides on the predation of coccinellids. Pak J Zool 51:611–617. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.2.611.617
Aguilera G, Riggi L, Miller K, Roslin T, Bommarco R (2021) Organic fertilisation enhances generalist predators and suppresses aphid growth in the absence of specialist predators. J Appl Ecol 58:1455–1465. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13862
Ahmed KS, Majeed MZ, Haidary AA, Haider N (2016) Integrated pest management tactics and predatory coccinellids: a review. J Entomol Zool Stud 4:591–600
Al Ansi A, Alkhalaf AA, Fadl H, Rasool I, Al DH (2020) An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae (Insecta, coleoptera) with eight new records from the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Zookeys 2020:35–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59123
Ali M, Ahmed K, Ali S, Raza G, Hussain I, Nafees MA, Anjum SI (2018) An annotated checklist of Coccinellidae with four new records from Pakistan (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Zookeys 2018:93–120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.803.22543
Alignier A, Raymond L, Deconchat M, Menozzi P, Monteil C, Sarthou J-P, Vialatte A, Ouin A (2014) The effect of semi-natural habitats on aphids and their natural enemies across spatial and temporal scales. Biol Control 77:76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.06.006
Aman M (2020) Impact of monocropping for crop pest management: Review. Acad Res J Agric Sci Res 8:447–452. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2020.340
Ammann L, Moorhouse-Gann R, Cuff J, Bertrand C, Mestre L, Hidalgo NP, Ellison A, Herzog F, Entling MH, Albrecht M, Symondson WOC (2020) Insights into aphid prey consumption by ladybirds: Optimising field sampling methods and primer design for high throughput sequencing. PLoS ONE 15:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235054
Ashfaque M, Ullah F, Rafi MA, Naz F (2015) Taxonomic study of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with one new record from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Zoology 39:1034–1040. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1401-17
Ashwini M, Shukla A (2022) Predatory potential of zig zag ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae : Coleoptera ) on cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Aphididae : Hemiptera). Pharma Innov J 11:203–206
Aslam M, Ruby T, Ghaffar A, Farooq Z, Hussain T, Rafay M (2013) PCR-based detection of aphids in the gut contents of arthropod predators. Int J Agric Biol 15:398–400
Avolio ML, Forrestel EJ, Chang CC, La Pierre KJ, Burghardt KT, Smith MD (2019) Demystifying dominant species. New Phytol 223:1106–1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15789
Awad M, Kalushkov P, Karabüyük F, Nedvěd O (2015) Non-random mating activity of colour morphs of ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Acta Soc Zool Bohem 79:11–17
Azad R, Farid A, Huo L, Ali H, Wang X (2020) The genus Cryptogonus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species and a new record. Zootaxa 4861:145–150
Bayissa W, Ekesi S, Mohamed SA, Kaaya GP, Wagacha JM, Hanna R, Maniania NK (2016) Interactions among vegetable-infesting aphids, the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and the predatory coccinellid Cheilomenes lunata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biocontrol Sci Technol 26:274–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2015.1099148
Bedford ECG (1965) Icerya seychellarum (Westw.) (Homoptera: Coccidae), in South Africa by introducing Cryptochaetum monophlebi Skuse (Diptera: Cryptochaetidae). J Entomol Soc South Afr 28:155–165
Bhatt B, Karnatak AK (2020) Arthropoda fauna prevailing on chili crop. J Entomol Zool Stud 8:1366–1369
Blaauw BR, Morrison WR, Mathews C, Leskey TC, Nielsen AL (2017) Measuring host plant selection and retention of Halyomorpha halys by a trap crop. Entomol Exp Appl 163:197–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12571
Buckland KR, Alston DG, Reeve JR, Nischwitz C, Drost D (2017) Trap crops in onion to reduce onion thrips and Iris Yellow Spot virus. Southwest Entomolog 42:73–90. https://doi.org/10.3958/059.042.0108
Causton CE, Lincango MP, Poulsom TGA (2004) Feeding range studies of Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant), a candidate biological control agent of Icerya purchasi Maskell in the Galapagos islands. Biol Control 29:315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.07.002
Chenaux B, Costamagna AC, Bianchi FJJA, Schellhorn NA (2011) Functional response of two common Australian predators, Dicranolaius bellulus (Guérin-Méneville) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) and Micraspis frenata (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), attacking Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Aust J Entomol 50:453–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00830.x
Cheng Q, Su W, Dan J (2017) Effects of host plants on the development and reproduction of Henosepilachna pusillanima (Mulsant). Chin J Appl Entomol 54:602–608
Cole PG, Cutler AR, Kobelt AJ, Horne PA (2010) Acute and long-term effects of selective insecticides on Micromus tasmaniae Walker (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), Coccinella transversalis F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Nabis kinbergii Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). Aust J Entomol 49:160–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2009.00743.x
de Groot MD, Christou M, Pan JY, Adriaens T, Maes D, Martinou AF, Roy HE, Verbeken A, Haelewaters D (2024) Beetlehangersorg: harmonizing host–parasite records of Harmonia axyridis and Hesperomyces harmoniae. Arthropod-Plant Interact. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-023-10037-2. (in press)
Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM (2007) The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol 52:81–106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
Dib H, Sauphanor B, Capowiez Y (2016) Effect of management strategies on arthropod communities in the colonies of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in south-eastern France. Agric Ecosyst Environ 216:203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.003
Dixon AFG, Hemptinne J-L (2001) Body size distribution in predatory ladybird beetles reflects that of their prey. Ecol 82:1847–1856
Döring TF, Chittka L (2007) Visual ecology of aphids—a critical review on the role of colours in host finding. Arthropod Plant Interact 1:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-006-9000-1
Dubey A, Omkar, Mishra G (2016) Influence of temperature on reproductive biology and phenotype of a ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Therm Biol 58:35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.03.011
Egerer MH, Bichier P, Philpott SM (2017) Landscape and local habitat correlates of lady beetle abundance and species richness in urban agriculture. Ann Entomol Soc Am 110:97–103. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saw063
Fidelis EG, das Graças do Carmo D, Santos AA, de Sá FE, da Silva RS, Picanço MC (2018) Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Aphidoletes are key mortality factors for Myzus persicae in tropical regions: a case study on cabbage crops. Crop Prot 112:288–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.06.015
Fievet V, Dedryver CA, Plantegenest M, Simon JC, Outreman Y (2007) Aphid colony turn-over influences the spatial distribution of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae over the wheat growing season. Agric for Entomol 9:125–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00331.x
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3:294–299. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9660275
Gaston KJ, Blackburn TM, Greenwood JJD, Gregory RD, Quinn RM, Lawton JH (2000) Abundance-occupancy relationships. J Appl Ecol 37:39–59. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00485.x
Gautier M, Yamaguchi J, Foucaud J, Loiseau A, Ausset A, Facon B, Gschloessl B, Lagnel J, Loire E, Parrinello H, Severac D, Lopez-Roques C, Donnadieu C, Manno M, Berges H, Gharbi K, Lawson-Handley L, Zang LS, Vogel H, Estoup A, Prud’homme B, (2018) The genomic basis of color pattern polymorphism in the harlequin ladybird. Curr Biol 28:3296–3302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.023
Ghahramani M, Karimzadeh R, Iranipour S (2023) Using statistical methods to determine spatio-temporal distribution of aphids and aphidophagous ladybirds in alfalfa fields. J Entomol Soc Iran 2023:393–404. https://doi.org/10.61186/jesi.43.4.7
Ghosh S, Behere GT, Agarwala BK (2017) Molecular characterization of ladybird predators (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of aphid pests (Homoptera: Aphididae) in North East India. Curr Sci 113:1755–1759. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v113/i09/1755-1759
Giorgi JA, van den Berg NJ, McHugh JV, Forrester JA, Ślipiński SA, Miller KB, Shapiro LR, Whiting MF (2009) The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae. Biol Control 51:215–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019
Grabovska T, Jelínek M, Shevchenko V (2021) Effect of organic farming on the ladybird beetle diversity (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Agrobìologìâ 1:188–197. https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-188-197
Grafton-Cardwell EE, Gu AP (2003) Conserving vedalia beetle, Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in citrus: a continuing challenge as new insecticides gain registration. J Econ Entomol 96:1388–1398
Halim M, Aman-Zuki A, Mohammed MA, Yaakop S (2017) DNA barcoding and relationships of eight ladybugs species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) that infesting several crops from Peninsular Malaysia. J Asia Pac Entomol 20:814–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.05.009
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4(1):9
Happ GM, Eisner T (1961) Hemorrhage in a coccinellid beetle and its repellent effect on ants. Sci 134:329–331. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.134.3475.329
Hawkeswood DTJ (2011) First record of Micraspis frenata (Erichson, 1842) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on pollen from Carex appressa R. Br. (Cyperaceae) in New South Wales, Australia. Calodema 144:1–3
Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL, DeWaard JR (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 270:313–321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
Hillebrand H, Bennett DM, Cadotte MW (2008) Consequences of dominance: A review of evenness effects on local and regional ecosystem process. Ecol 89:1510–1520
Hodek I, Honěk A (1996) Ecology of coccinellidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Hodek I, Honěk A (2009) Scale insects, mealybugs, whiteflies and psyllids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) as prey of ladybirds. Biocontrol 51:232–243
Hokkanen HMT (1991) Trap cropping in pest management. Annu Rev Entomol 36:119–138
Honek A, Martinkova Z, Dixon AFG, Roy HE, Pekár S (2016) Long-term changes in communities of native coccinellids: population fluctuations and the effect of competition from an invasive non-native species. Insect Conserv Divers 9:202–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12158
Huang W, Xie X, Huo L, Liang X, Wang X, Chen X (2020) An integrative DNA barcoding framework of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Sci Rep 10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66874-1
Hussain Jatoi G (2016) Study on pest and predators population in Chili agro-ecosystem by using different trap crops. Am Res Thought 2:3726–3736
Kapur AP (1949) On the Indian species of Rodolia Mulsant (Coleoptera-Coccinellidae). Bull Entomol Res 39:531–538
Kawakami Y, Yamazaki K, Ohashi K (2019) Intergenerational fluctuations in colour morph frequencies may maintain elytral polymorphisms in the ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological J Linn Soc 128:725–734. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz031
Kobayashi N, Tamura K, Aotsuka T, Katakura H (1998) Molecular phylogeny of twelve Asian species of epilachnine ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with notes on the direction of host shifts. Zoolog Sci 15:147–151. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.15.147
Kumar SMV, Bandyopadhyay UK, Lalitha N, Saratchandra B (2018) Biology and feeding efficacy of Micraspis discolor, a potential biological control agent of whitefly, Dialeuropora decempuncta. J Entomol Zool Stud 6:938–941
Kumari M (2019) Records of predators of the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer, from Himachal Pradesh. Environmental Conservation Journal 20:31–33
Labe MS, Fernado NC, Fiegalan ER (2016) Insects associated with organic and inorganic rice farming. Int J Agric Tech 12:1345–1366
Lee YS, Jang MJ, Lee JG, Kim J-R, Lee JH (2015) Host plants and Biological Characteristics of Illeis koebelei Timberlake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Halyziini) in Gyeonggi-do. Korean J Appl Entomol. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2015.08.0.030
Lee YS, Jang MJ, Lee HA, Lee JH (2017) Toxicity of Pesticides to Mycophagous Ladybird, Illeis koebelei Timberlake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Halyziini). The Korean J Pesticide Sci 21:364–372. https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2017.21.4.364
Lombaert E, Boll R, Lapchin L (2006) Dispersal strategies of phytophagous insects at a local scale: adaptive potential of aphids in an agricultural environment. BMC Evol Biol. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-75
Lompe (2019) Family Coccinellidae. http://coleonet.de/coleo/texte/coccinellidae.htm. Accessed 4 Jul 2021
Lu ZZ, Perkins LE, Li JB, Wu WY, Zalucki MP, Gao GZ, Furlong MJ (2015) Abundance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera; Aphididae) and its main predators in organic and conventional cotton fields in north-west China. Annals of Applied Biology 166:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12178
Majerus MEN (2016) Chapter 4: what ladybirds eat. In: Roy H, Brown P (eds) A natural history of ladybird beetles, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, pp 86–121
Majerus MEN, Sloggett JJ, Godeau JF, Hemptinne JL (2007) Interactions between ants and aphidophagous and coccidophagous ladybirds. Popul Ecol 49:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-006-0021-5
Markó V, Elek Z, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Kőrösi Á, Somay L, Földesi R, Varga Á, Iván Á, Báldi A (2017) Landscapes, orchards, pesticides–abundance of beetles (Coleoptera) in apple orchards along pesticide toxicity and landscape complexity gradients. Agric Ecosyst Environ 247:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.038
McCornack BP, Koch RL, Ragsdale DW (2007) A simple method for in-field sex determination of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis. J Insect Sci 7:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.1001
McCune B, Mefford MJ (2011). PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 6. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A
Michie LJ, Mallard F, Majerus MEN, Jiggins FM (2010) Melanic through nature or nurture: Genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in Harmonia axyridis. J Evol Biol 23:1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02043.x
Mishra G, Omkar, (2014) Phenotype-dependent mate choice in Propylea dissecta and its fitness consequences. J Ethol 32:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-014-0405-5
Murrell EG, Barton BT (2017) Warming alters prey density and biological control in conventional and organic agricultural systems. Integr Comp Biol 57:121–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx006
Musa NN, Halim M, Yaakop S (2024) First insight on tritrophic interaction involving Plukenetia volubilis L., insects, and microbe as an early and crucial data for developing a pest management strategy. Pak J Agric Sci 61:13–25. https://doi.org/10.21162/PAKJAS/24.144
Nascimento DV, Lira R, Ferreira EKS, Torres JB (2021) Performance of the aphidophagous coccinellid Eriopis connexa fed on single species and mixed-species prey. Biocontrol Sci Technol 31:951–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1901264
Noriyuki S, Osawa N (2015) Geographic variation of color polymorphism in two sibling ladybird species, Harmonia yedoensis and H. axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomol Sci 18:502–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12147
Omkar PA, Gupta AK (2007) Sibling cannibalism in aphidophagous ladybirds: Its impact on sex-dependent development and body weight. J Appl Entomol 131:81–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01133.x
Orivel J, Servigne P, Cerdan P, Dejean A, Corbara B (2004) The ladybird Thalassa saginata, an obligatory myrmecophile of Dolichodeurs bidens ant colonies. Naturwissenschaften 91:97–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-003-0499-z
Ostovan H, Branch S, Fallahzadeh M, Branch J, Mossadegh MS (2016) Variation of elytral colour polymorphism in six species of ladybird beetles in central Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Entomofauna 37:225–240
Parr CL (2008) Dominant ants can control assemblage species richness in a South African savanna. J Anim Ecol 77:1191–1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01450.x
Paul Chowdhury S, Abdul Ahad M, Amin MR, Amin Rasel N (2008) Bean aphid predation efficiency of ladybird beetle Micraspis discolor F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Soil Nature 2:40–45
Pervez OA, Gupta AK (2004) Role of surface chemicals in egg cannibalism and intraguild predation by neonates of two aphidophagous ladybirds, Propylea dissecta and Coccinella transversalis. J Appl Entomol 128:691–695. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2004.00913.x
Pettersson J, Ninkovic V, Glinwood R, Al Abassi S, Birkett M, Pickett J, Wadhams L (2008) Chemical stimuli supporting foraging behaviour of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): volatiles and allelobiosis. Appl Entomol Zool 43:315–321
Pluke RWH, Escribano A, Michaud jp, Philip AS (2023) Potential impact of lady beetles on Diaphorina citri (Homoptera:Psyllidae) in Puerto Rico. Florida Entomolog 88:123–128. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015
Poolprasert P, Senarat S, Nak-eiam S, Likhitrakarn N (2019) Molecular taxonomic identification of predatory ladybird beetles inferred from COI sequences (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Malays J Appl Sci 4:10–18
Poorani J (2019) Coccinellidae of the Indian Subcontinent. Indian insects: diversity and science. CRC Press Taylor and Francis, pp 223–246
Pope RD, Lawrence JF (1990) A review of Scymnodes Blackburn, with the description of a new Australian species and its larva (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Syst Entomol 15:241–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/20.3.254-a
Puech C, Baudry J, Joannon A, Poggi S, Aviron S (2014) Organic vs. conventional farming dichotomy: does it make sense for natural enemies? Agric Ecosyst Environ 194:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.002
Puech C, Poggi S, Baudry J, Aviron S (2015) Do farming practices affect natural enemies at the landscape scale? Landsc Ecol 30:125–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0103-2
Rahaman SKM, Aniszewski M (2015) Morphological variation in the ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) abdominal segments in ventral view. Entomol Ornithol Herpetol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0983.1000161
Rahman T, Mohammad Roff MN, Idris AB (2010a) Aphidophagous coccinellids (Insecta : Coleoptera) in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) ecosystems in Malaysia. Serangga 15:71–83
Rahman T, Roff MNM, Ghani IBA (2010b) Within-field distribution of Aphis gossypii and aphidophagous lady beetles in chili, Capsicum annuum. Entomol Exp Appl 137:211–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01056.x
Rahman T, Ghani IBA, Noor MRM (2011) Diurnal patterns of abundance of aphidophagous lady beetle species on chili (Capsicum annuum L.). J Asia Pac Entomol 14:237–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2011.03.002
Rajan J, Edpuganti SL, Assistant E, Madhuri S, Sreenivasa Rao C (2019) Predatory coccinellids diversity in organic vegetable farming systems: Conservation and mass production. J Entomol Zool Stud 7:1148–1151
Reddy PP (2017) Trap cropping. Agro-ecological approaches to pest management for sustainable agriculture, 1st edn. Springer, Singapore, pp 109–130
Rizwan M, Atta B, Rizwan M, Ashraf I, Arshad M, Tahir M, Ali M, Sabir AM, Bilal M, Ali MY (2021) Do neonicotinoids better than pyrethroids for Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)? A comparative sub-lethal indirect age-stage, two-sex life tables laboratory bioassay. Int J Trop Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00462-2
Rothé M, Pelletier N, Touneji-Catouaria AM, Bockstaller C, Le Bellec F, Ratnadass A (2019) Impacts of weed management on ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) abundance and diversity on resident vegetation in a citrus orchard. Int J Trop Insect Sci 39:325–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-019-00055-0
Routray S, Prasad HVK (2016) Tri-trophic interaction involving host plants, black legume aphid, Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the predator, Cheilomenes sexmaculata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Eur J Entomol 113:551–557. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2016.075
Roy S, Rahman A (2014) A study on the comparative predatory efficiency and development of Micraspis discolor (F) and Menochilus sexmaculatus (F.) on tea aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fons). Zool Ecol 24:285–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2014.933632
Saeed Q, Zaka M, Saeed S, Bakhtawar M (2013) Lucerne as trap crop in wheat for development of predators population against wheat aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera). Pak J Zool 45:193–196
Sajan KC, Větrovec J, Kafle K (2019) Lady beetles of Nepal (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinellinae from the fields at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. Int J Entomol Res 4:157–165
Sánchez-Ramos I, Marcotegui A, Pascual S, Fernández CE, Cobos G, González-Núñez M (2017) Compatibility of organic farming treatments against Monosteira unicostata with non-target arthropod fauna of almond trees canopy. Span J Agric Res 15:1–10. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017152-10515
Sarkar SC, Wang E, Wu S, Lei Z (2018) Application of trap cropping as companion plants for the management of agricultural pests: A review. InSects. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040128
Schaller M, Nentwig W (2000) Olfactory orientation of the seven-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): attraction of adults to plants and conspecific females. Eur J Entomol 97:155–159. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2000.029
Shahbandeh M (2023) Global fresh vegetable production in 2021. http://www.fao.org/faostat. Accessed 20 Aug 2023
Shanker C, Chintagunta L, Muthusamy S, Vailla S, Srinivasan A, Katti G (2018) Flora surrounding rice fields as a source of alternative prey for coccinellids feeding on the pests of rice. Eur J Entomol 115:364–371. https://doi.org/10.14411/EJE.2018.036
Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell Syst Technical J 27(379–423):623–656
Sheela N, Shinde CU (2019a) Biology of spotted ladybird beetle, Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) on Lucerne aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) under laboratory conditions. J Entomol Zool Stud 7:693–698
Sheela N, Shinde CU (2019b) Predatory potential of spotted ladybird beetle, Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) on Lucerne aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) under laboratory conditions. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 8:832–838. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.809.100
Sidauruk L, Sipayung P (2018) Cropping management on potato field, a strategy to suppress pest by increasing insect diversity and natural enemies. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 205:12–26. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/205/1/012026
Sloggett JJ, Honek A (2012) Genetic Studies. In: Hodek I, Van Emden HF, Honek A (eds) Ecology and behaviour of the ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae). Blackwell Publishing Ltd., West Sussex, pp 375–428
Smith HA, McSorley R (2000) Potential of field corn as a barrier crop and eggplants as a trap crop for management of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on common bean in North Florida. Fla Entomologist 2:145–155
Soares AO, Haelewaters D, Ameixa OMCC, Borges I, Brown PMJ, Cardoso P, de Groot MD, Evans EW, Grez AA, Hochkirch A, Holecová M, Honek A, Kulfan J, Lillebø AI, Martinkova Z, Michaud JP, Nedvěd O, Omkar RHE, Saxena S, Shandilya A, Sentis A, Skuhrovec J, Viglášová S, Zach P, Zaviezo T, Losey JE (2022) A roadmap for ladybird conservation and recovery. Conserv Biol 37:e13965. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13965
Srinivasan K, Moorthy PNK (1991) Indian mustard as a trap crop for management of major lepidopterous pests on cabbage. Trop Pest Manag 37:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879109371532
Thei RS (2021) The presence of predators of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on curly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) plantation with refugia. J Sust Dryland Agric Syst 1:78–89. https://doi.org/10.29303/josdas.v1i2.441
Thei RS, Tarmizi, Muhammad S (2022) Abundance and diversity of predatory insects in chili plant ecosystems cultivated by IPM. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 1107:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1107/1/012061
Tomaszewska W, Szawaryn K (2016) Epilachnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)—a revision of the World Genera. J Insect Sci 16:101. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iew082
Uru GG, Pandi P, Paul B, Shankarganesh K (2013) Feeding potential and biology of Coccinellid Predator Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera) on aphid hosts. Indian J Entomol 82:388–393
Vandenberg NJ (2002) Coccinellidae Latreille 1807. In: Arnett RHJ, Thomas MC, Skelley PE, Frank JH (eds) American beetles polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, London, pp 371–389
Vantaux A, Roux O, Magro A, Ghomsi NT, Gordon RD, Dejean A, Orivel J (2010) Host-specific myrmecophily and myrmecophagy in the tropical coccinellid Diomus thoracicus in French Guiana. Biotropica 42:622–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00614.x
Veromann E, Metspalu L, Williams IH, Hiiesaar K, Mand M, Kaasik R, Kovács G, Jogar K, Svilponis E, Kivimagi I, Ploomi A, Luik A (2012) Relative attractiveness of Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, Eruca sativa and Raphanus sativus for pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) and their potential for use in trap cropping. Arthropod Plant Interact 6:385–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-012-9191-6
Völkl W (1995) Behavioral and morphological adaptations of the coccinellid, Platynaspis luteorubra for exploiting ant-attended resources (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Insect Behav 8:653–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01997236
Wang ZL, Wang TZ, Zhu HF, Wang ZY, Yu XP (2019) DNA barcoding evaluation and implications for phylogenetic relationships in ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 30:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2018.1446950
Wiyatiningsih S, Harijani WS, Santoso W, Wijaya RS, Maisaroh D (2020) Biopesticide application to protect insect biodiversity: a study on Pomelo orange plantation in Magetan Regency. Agrociencia 54:19–27
Woltz MJ, Landis DA (2014) Coccinellid response to landscape composition and configuration. Agric Entomol 16:341–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12064
Xiao D, Chen X, Tian R, Wu M, Zhang F, Zang L, Harwood JD, Wang S (2020) Molecular and potential regulatory mechanisms of melanin synthesis in Harmonia axyridis. Int J Mol Sci 21:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062088
Yaakop S, Ibrahim NJ, Shariff S, Md. Zain BM, (2015) Molecular clock analysis on five Bactrocera species flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on combination of COI and NADH sequences. Orient inSects 49:150–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2015.1081421
Yasmeen S, Dugaje P (2020) Holistic survey on predatory ladybird beetle diversity at selected regions of Nashik District (Maharashtra), India. Int J Biological Innov 02:52–56. https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2108
Zhu J, Obrycki JJ, Ochieng SA, Baker TC, Pickett JA, Smiley D (2005) Attraction of two lacewing species to volatiles produced by host plants and aphid prey. Naturwissenschaften 92:277–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-005-0624-2
Zytynska SE, Frantz L, Hurst B, Johnson A, Preziosi RF, Rowntree JK (2014) Host-plant genotypic diversity and community genetic interactions mediate aphid spatial distribution. Ecol Evol 4:121–131. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.916
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, grant number, GP-K013317 and TAP-K013317.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: Musa NN, Yaakop S and Hatta SKM; Methodology: Musa NN and Yaakop S; Formal analysis and investigation: Musa NN and Yaakop S; Writing original draft preparation: Musa NN and Yaakop S; Writing, review and editing: Musa NN, Yaakop S and Hatta SKM; Supervision: Yaakop S and Hatta SKM; Resources: Musa NN and Yaakop S. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Danny Haelewaters.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Musa, N.N., Hatta, S.K.M. & Yaakop, S. Diversity and assemblage patterns of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) in different crop management practices in Peninsular Malaysia. Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-024-10070-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-024-10070-9