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The effect of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on robustness of pollination networks at a global scale

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Abstract

Plant-pollinator interactions play a vital role in the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Geographical variation in environmental factors can influence the diversity of pollinators and thus, affect the structure of pollination networks. Given the current global climate change, understanding the variation of pollination network structure along environmental gradients is vital to predict how global change will affect the ecological interaction processes. Here, we used a global plant-pollinator interaction data collection by the same sampling method at the same period to explore the effects of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on the structure and robustness of pollination networks. We analyzed a total of 87 networks of plant-pollinator interactions on 47 sites from 14 countries. We conducted a piecewise structural equation model to examine the direct and indirect effects of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on the network robustness and analyzed the function of network structure in elucidating the relationship between robustness and these gradients. We found that plant richness had both positive effects on robustness under random and specialist-first scenarios. Elevation, latitude, and plant richness affected network connectance and modularity, and ultimately affected network robustness which were mediated by nestedness under specialist-first and random scenarios, and by connectance under the generalist-first scenario. This study reveals the indirect effects of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on pollination network robustness were mediated by nestedness or connectance depended on the order of species extinctions, implying that communities with different pollination network structures can resist different extinction scenarios.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the researchers who collected the garden plant-pollinator interaction dataset.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 32271613, 32170232) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Numbers 2021YFC3100404, 2021YFC3100405) and the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Number QNXM-202303).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China

    Xiang-Ping Wang, Jin-Chao Cai, Ma-Yin Tong, Miao-Miao Shi, Zhong-Tao Zhao, Shi-Jin Li & Tie-Yao Tu

  2. South China National Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Xiang-Ping Wang, Jin-Chao Cai, Ma-Yin Tong, Miao-Miao Shi, Zhong-Tao Zhao, Shi-Jin Li & Tie-Yao Tu

  3. Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Waterside Campus, Northampton, UK

    Jeff Ollerton

  4. Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China

    Jeff Ollerton

  5. School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, Australia

    Kit S. Prendergast

  6. Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China

    Jin-Chao Cai

  7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Ma-Yin Tong

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Figure S1

All potential pathways effects of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on the structures (connectance, modularity, nestedness and specialization) and robustness of plant-pollinator networks in the structural equation model. We used the same color lines to represent these effects because it is uncertain whether the effects are positive or negative based on previous studies

Supplementary file1 (JPG 595 KB)

Table S1

The information, network structures metrics and robustness (under three species extinction scenarios) of 87 plant-pollinator interaction networks in this study

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 24 KB)

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Wang, XP., Ollerton, J., Prendergast, K.S. et al. The effect of elevation, latitude, and plant richness on robustness of pollination networks at a global scale. Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-024-10056-7

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