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Biological activity of phytosterols and their derivatives

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Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review is devoted to contemporary status of investigation of C-29 and C-28 plant sterols (phytosterols) in relation to their biological activity in mammals and mammalian cells. On the basis of experimental studies published during the last decade the following questions are discussed: phytosterols and nutrition; phytosterols and body cholesterol level; phytosterols and intestinal absorption of lipids, the role of phytosterols in lipid metabolism regulation; phytosterols and cultured mammalian cells; products of phytosterols oxidation; phytoecdysteroids and induced gene expression.

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Abbreviations

apo:

apolipoprotein

ACAT:

acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol-acyltransferase

CaCo2:

colon carcinoma 2 cell line

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary cell line

CYP27A1:

mitochondrial sterol-27-hydroxylase

CYP7A1:

hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase

EcR:

ecdysone receptor

HDL:

high density lipoproteins

HMG CoA:

hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A

IDL:

intermediate density lipoproteins

LDL:

low density lipoproteins

LXR (liver X receptor):

activated by (24S)-24,25-oxidocholesterol nuclear receptor, controlling expression of a number of genes important for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

MAPK:

microtubule-assosiated proteins kinase

PPAR:

peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor

RXR (retinoid X receptor):

activated by 9-cis-retinoic acid nuclear receptor

SREBP-1, SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, 2):

regulatory proteins, their N-terminal fragments, formed during proteolytic cleavage of these proteins control expression of main genes involved in lipogenesis (SREBP-1) and steroidogenesis (SREBP-2)

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

USP:

ultraspiracle protein, which forms heterodimeric complex with activated EcR

VLDL:

very low density lipoproteins

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Mehtiev, A.R., Misharin, A.Y. Biological activity of phytosterols and their derivatives. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B 2, 1–17 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11828-008-1001-4

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