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Evaluation of sodium acetate and glucose as minor additives with calcium chloride as optimum mixed draw solutes for fruit juice concentration via forward osmosis

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
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Abstract

The selection of an appropriate draw solution is decisive to augment the performance of the forward osmosis (FO) process with maximal permeate flux and minimal reverse solute flux. Inorganic salts provide higher permeate flux in FO, but high reverse salt flux (RSF) associated with greater diffusivity limits their potential application. Herein, the incorporation of organic compounds including sodium acetate (NaAce) and glucose in CaCl2 provides draw solutions with constant osmotic pressure for boosting FO performance. The PRO mode (active layer facing draw solution) is examined with 0.18m/s of cross-flow velocity using a polyamide membrane associated with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) interlayer on a NaOH treated polyacrylonitrile substrate. The 5% NaAce with CaCl2 as a draw solution (DS) delivers better performance against deionized water compared to glucose, resulting in lower RSF (6.64 g/m2 h) and higher water flux (23.9 L/m2 h). The NaAce with CaCl2 suppresses RSF up to 41% without a significant reduction in permeate flux compared to single salt DS. The optimized draw solution concentrates the orange juice, resulting in 2.13 L/m2 h of average water flux and 3.6 g/m2 h of RSF for 72 h, thus concentrating the orange juice from the initial concentration of 13 °Brix to 24 °Brix.

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Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by the Pakistan Science Foundation [PSF/NSFC-II/Eng/KP-UET (09)].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Aizaz Ali Farman & Saeed Gul

  2. Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan

  3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China

    Muhammad Irfan

  4. Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan

    Noor Ul Amin

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Zaib Jahan

  6. Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China

    Xiangju Song & Heqing Jiang

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  1. Aizaz Ali Farman
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  2. Muhammad Irfan
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  3. Noor Ul Amin
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  4. Zaib Jahan
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  5. Xiangju Song
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  7. Saeed Gul
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Correspondence to Saeed Gul.

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Farman, A.A., Irfan, M., Amin, N. et al. Evaluation of sodium acetate and glucose as minor additives with calcium chloride as optimum mixed draw solutes for fruit juice concentration via forward osmosis. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 3102–3108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1228-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1228-7

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