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Optimization of UV-photografting factors in preparation of polyacrylic-polyethersulfone forward osmosis membrane using response surface methodology

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
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Abstract

Commercial nanofiltration polyethersulfone (NF2) membrane was modified via ultraviolet (UV) photografting to prepare a high-performance forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The optimized condition of grafting parameters was obtained using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). UV-photografting time and acrylic acid (AA) monomer concentration were the considered variables, while the two RSM responses were water permeate flux and reverse salt diffusion flux (RSD). Quadratic models were established between the responses and the independent parameters using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The membranes were characterized with functional group, morphology and surface roughness. The obtained optimum conditions were 2.81 min grafting time and 27.85 g/L AA monomer concentration. Under these conditions, a maximum water permeate flux of 1.52±0.04 L/m2·h was achieved with an RSD value of 10.09±0.36 g/m2·h. The optimized membrane exhibited a higher water flux compared to the unmodified NF2 membrane without any significant change of the RSD value.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Acrylic Acid

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

CTA:

Cellulose Tri-Acetate

CCD:

Central Composite Design

DI:

Deionized

FO:

Forward Osmosis

FS:

Feed side

ICP:

Internal Concentration Polarization

MAA:

Methacrylic Acid

NF:

Nanofiltration

PES:

Polyethersulfone

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

RSM:

Response Surface Modelling

RSS:

Red Sea Salt

UV:

Ultraviolet

AL-FS:

Active Layer-Feed Side

A:

Membrane surface area [m2]

b:

Regression coefficient for coded factors

C:

Monomer concentration [g/L]

Jw :

Water permeate flux [(L/m2·h]

Y:

Predicted Response

S a :

Surface Roughness [nm]

S q :

Root mean square [nm]

S z :

Maximum peak [nm]

t:

Grafting time [min]

V:

Volume [L]

Zavg :

Average value of the height [nm]

Z i :

Current height [nm]

α :

Axial point

g:

Regression coefficient for actual factors

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Universiti Malaysia Pahang under the Postgraduate Research Grant Scheme (PGRS180389), the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2016/TK02/UMP/02/8; RDU160127), the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia for the PhD scholarship of Ahmad Fikri Hadi Abdul Rahman, and the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through its project CTM2015-65348-C2-2-R and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through its project RTI2018-096042-B-C22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Ahmad Fikri Hadi Abdul Rahman, Zulsyazwan Ahmad Khushairi & Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman

  2. Earth Resources and Sustainability (ERAS) Center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman

  3. Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Mohamed Khayet

  4. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies of Water (IMDEA Water Institute), Calle Punto Net N° 4, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain

    Mohamed Khayet

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  1. Ahmad Fikri Hadi Abdul Rahman
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  2. Zulsyazwan Ahmad Khushairi
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  3. Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman
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Correspondence to Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman.

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Rahman, A.F.H.A., Khushairi, Z.A., Seman, M.N.A. et al. Optimization of UV-photografting factors in preparation of polyacrylic-polyethersulfone forward osmosis membrane using response surface methodology. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 2313–2323 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0881-6

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