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Green and mild production of 5-aminolevulinic acid from algal biomass

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Abstract

Algal biomass was converted into 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in five chemical steps: conversion to 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (5-CMF), ammoniation, ring-opening (photo-oxidation), reduction, and hydrolyzation. Among them, we mainly focused on the 5-CMF production and the following ammoniation. To our knowledge, the mixed solvent catalytic system of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and low concentration hydrochloric acid is the first reported for the synthesis of 5-CMF from algal biomass, providing a 24.6% 5-CMF yield at 120 °C for 5 h. Potassium phthalimide (KPI) was employed as an ammoniation reagent with superb selectivity and activity instead of conventional sodium azide (NaN3). Optimizing the experimental design, a 23.7% 5-ALA yield along with high purity (>96%) was achieved from 5-CMF, and the total 5-ALA yield was 5.8% from algal biomass. This work provides a green and mild pathway for 5-ALA production from algal biomass.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21978248), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2019J06005), the Xiamen Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Xiamen University (No. 20200098).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China

    Binglin Chen, Jiachen Li, Yunchao Feng, Kai Le, Yuxia Zai, Xing Tang, Yong Sun, Xianhai Zeng & Lu Lin

  2. Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, China

    Xing Tang, Yong Sun, Xianhai Zeng & Lu Lin

Authors
  1. Binglin Chen
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  2. Jiachen Li
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  3. Yunchao Feng
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  4. Kai Le
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  5. Yuxia Zai
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  6. Xing Tang
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  7. Yong Sun
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  8. Xianhai Zeng
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  9. Lu Lin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xianhai Zeng.

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Chen, B., Li, J., Feng, Y. et al. Green and mild production of 5-aminolevulinic acid from algal biomass. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 899–905 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0774-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0774-8

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