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Characterization of products from slow pyrolysis of palm kernel cake and cassava pulp residue

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Abstract

Slow pyrolysis studies of palm kernel cake (PKC) and cassava pulp residue (CPR) were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. Maximum liquid yield (54.3 wt%) was obtained from PKC pyrolysis at 700 °C, heating rate of 20 °C/min, N2 gas flow rate of 200 cm3/min and particle size of 2.03 mm. Fuel properties of bi-oils were in following ranges: density, 1.01–1.16 g/cm3; pH, 2.8–5.6; flash point, 74–110 °C and heating value, 15 MJ/kg for CPR oil and 40 MJ/kg for PKC oil. PKC oil gave main contents of n-C8–C18 carboxylic acids, phenols, and esters, whereas CPR oil gave the highest amount of methanol soluble fraction consisting of polar and non-volatile compounds. On gas compositions, CPR pyrolysis gave the highest yield of syngas produced, while PKC pyrolysis offered the highest content of CO2. Pyrolysis chars possessed high calorific values in range from 29–35 MJ/kg with PKC char showing a characteristic of reasonably high porosity material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Piyarat Weerachanchai & Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai

  2. School of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Malee Tangsathitkulchai

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  1. Piyarat Weerachanchai
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  2. Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
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  3. Malee Tangsathitkulchai
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Correspondence to Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai.

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Weerachanchai, P., Tangsathitkulchai, C. & Tangsathitkulchai, M. Characterization of products from slow pyrolysis of palm kernel cake and cassava pulp residue. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28, 2262–2274 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0116-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0116-3

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