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The 9–11 November 2013 Explosive Cyclone over the Japan Sea-Okhotsk Sea: Observations and WRF Modeling Analyses

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Abstract

During the period from 9 to 11 November 2013, an explosive cyclone (EC) occurred over the Japan Sea-Okhotsk Sea. This EC initially formed around 18 UTC 9 November over the Japan Sea and developed over the Okhotsk Sea when moving northeastward. It had a minimum sea level pressure of 959.0 hPa, a significant deepening rate of central pressure of 2.9 Bergeron, and a maximum instantaneous wind speed of 42.7ms−1. This paper aims to investigate the conditions that contributed to the rapid development of this low-pressure system through analyses of both observations and the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) modeling results. The evolutionary processes of this EC were examined by using Final Analyses (FNL) data, Multi-Functional Transport Satellites-1R (MTSAT-1R) data, upper observation data and surface observation data. WRF-3.5 modeling results were also used to examine the development mechanism of this EC. It is shown that the interaction between upper-level and low-level potential vorticity seemed to be very essential to the rapid development of this EC.

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Acknowledgements

All authors express their sincerely thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for financial support (Nos. 41775042 and 41275049). They also acknowledged NCEP/NCAR in USA for providing FNL data, the Kochi University in Japan for providing infrared satellite data, University of Wyoming in USA for providing upper observation data, and GTS for providing surface observation data. Miaomiao Jing expressed her great thanks to Mr. Baitang Sun, Dr. Shuqin Zhang, Dr. Yawen Sun, Miss Shan Liu and Mr. Lijia Chen for their kind helps to this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Gang Fu, Miaomiao Jing & Pengyuan Li

  2. Division of Oceanic Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Gang Fu

  3. Qingdao Hatran Ocean Intelligence Technology Company Limited, Qingdao, 266404, China

    Miaomiao Jing

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  1. Gang Fu
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  2. Miaomiao Jing
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Correspondence to Gang Fu.

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Fu, G., Jing, M. & Li, P. The 9–11 November 2013 Explosive Cyclone over the Japan Sea-Okhotsk Sea: Observations and WRF Modeling Analyses. J. Ocean Univ. China 19, 989–1004 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4372-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4372-x

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