Abstract
Left-hand materials have drawn increasing attention from many disciplines and found widespread application, especially in microwave engineering. A sandwiched metamaterial consisting of multi-nested square-split-ring resonators on the top side and a set of wires on the back side is proposed. Scattering parameters are retrieved by high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software based on the finite element method. Effects of square-split-ring number on the left-hand characteristics containing negative values of permittivity, permeability, and refractive index have been intensively investigated. Simulated results show that obvious resonant left-hand characteristics could be observed within 8–18 GHz, and the resonant frequency counts are inclined to be in direct proportion to the square-split-ring number over 8–18 GHz. Besides, the proposed sandwiched metamaterial with three square-split-ring resonators and three wires presents the widest frequency band of left-hand characteristics in a range of 8–18 GHz. Further, electromagnetic field distributions demonstrated that the induced magnetic dipole dominates the resonant absorption. The multi-peak resonance characteristics of square-split-ring resonant structure are considered to be a promising candidate for selective-frequency absorption or modulation toward microwave frequency band.
摘要
具有左手特性的超材料因具有超常物理特性近年来倍受关注,在微波工程领域也具有重要应用 价值.本文设计了一种由多重嵌套方形开口环和一组平行金属线构成的夹芯结构超材料,采用有限元 全波仿真软件HFSS 系统研究了多重嵌套方形开口环数量对介电常数,磁导率和折射率的影响规律. 结果表明,该超材料在8∼18 GHz 范围内的散射参数(S11 和S21)具有显著的谐振特性,其内禀电磁参量 也呈现出典型的双负左手特性,并得到了实验验证;且随着多重嵌套方形开口环数量的增加,其谐振 峰数量也增加,当开口环数量为3 时具有最大的有效频率带宽;进一步分析电磁场分布发现感应磁偶 极子是导致强吸收的主要机制.这种结构简单,频率可调谐的超材料在选择性微波吸收材料和微波调 制器件中具有广阔的应用前景.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
LI Lian-lin, CUI Tie-jun. Information metamaterials—From effective media to real-time information processing systems [J]. Nanophotonics, 2019, 8(5): 703–724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0006.
LIU Bo, SONG Ke-rui, XIAO Jiang-nan. Two-dimensional optical metasurfaces: From plasmons to dielectrics [J]. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2329168.
CUI Tie-jun, LIU Shuo, ZHANG Lei. Information metamaterials and metasurfaces [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5(15): 3644–3668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00548b.
ASHRAF F B, ALAM T, ISLAM M T. A printed Xi-shaped left-handed metamaterial on low-cost flexible photo paper [J]. Materials, 2017: 10(7): 752–760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070752.
SUN Xue-cong, JIA Han, ZHANG Zhe, YANG Yu-zhen, SUN Zhao-yong, YANG Jun. Sound localization and separation in three-dimensional space using a single microphone with a metamaterial enclosure [J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(3): 1902271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902271.
JI Jin-zu, JIANG Jia-xin, CHEN Guo-xu, LIU Fei-liang, MA Yun-peng. Research on monostatic and bistatic RCS of cloaking based on coordinate transformation [J]. Optik, 2018, 1: 117–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.03.063.
WU D M, SOLOMON M L, NAIK G V, GARCIA-ETXARRI A, LAWRENCE M, SALLEO A, DIONNE J A. Chemically responsive elastomers exhibiting unity-order refractive index modulation [J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(7): 1703912. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703912.
AMMARI H, WU Wei, YU Sanghyeon. Double-negative electromagnetic metamaterials due to chirality [J]. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 2018, 77(1): 105–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1516.
AL A, ENGHETA N. Anomalies of subdiffractive guided wave propagation along metamaterial nanocomponents [J]. Radio Science, 2007, 42(6): 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007rs003691.
BURGNIES L, LHEURETTE É, LIPPENS D. Textile inspired flexible metamaterial with negative refractive index [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 117(14): 144506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918314.
ZHANG Lei, LIU Shuo, CUI Tie-jun. Theory and application of coding metamaterials [J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(1): 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3788/co.20171001.0001.
SMITH D R, PADILLA W J, VIER D C, NEMAT-NASSER S C, SCHULTZ S. Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(18): 4184–4187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184.
AYDIN K, GUVEN K, KAFESAKI M, ZHANG L, SOUKOULIS C M, OZBAY E. Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials [J]. Optics Letters, 2004, 29(22): 2623–2625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.29.002623.
ZHAO Yan-hui, NAWAZ A A, LIN S C S, HAO Qing-zhen, KIRALY B, HUANG T J. Nanoscale super-resolution imaging via a metal-dielectric metamaterial lens system [J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2011, 44(41): 415101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/41/415101.
UPPUTURI P K, PRAMANIK M. Microsphere-aided optical microscopy and its applications for super-resolution imaging [J]. Optics Communications, 2017, 1: 32–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.05.049.
XU Hui, LI Hong-jian, HE Zhi-hui, CHEN Zhi-quan, ZHENG Ming-fei, ZHAO Ming-zhuo. Theoretical analysis of optical properties and sensing in a dual-layer asymmetric metamaterial [J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 1: 250–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.09.046.
LANDY N I, SAJUYIGBE S, MOCK J J, SMITH D R, PADILLA W J. Perfect metamaterial absorber [J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100(20): 207402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207402.
HE Long-hui, DENG Lian-wen, LUO Heng, HE Jun, LI Yu-han, XU Yun-chao, HUANG Sheng-xiang. Broadband microwave absorption properties of polyurethane foam absorber optimized by sandwiched cross-shaped metamaterial [J]. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(12): 127801. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZGWL.0.2018-12-070.
HE Long-hui, DENG Lian-wen, LI Yu-han, LUO Heng, HE Jun, HUANG Sheng-xiang, CHEN Hong. Wide-angle microwave absorption performance of polyurethane foams combined with cross-shaped metamaterial absorber [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1: 769–776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.021.
HUANG Hai-long, XIA Hui, GUO Zhi-bo, HUANG Sheng-xiang, LI Hong-jian, WU Yi-shan. A polarization-independent and broadband microwave metamaterial absorber based on three-dimensional structure [J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2018, 65(13): 1521–1528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2018.1455911.
HUANG Mu-lin, CHENG Yong-zhi, CHENG Zheng-ze, CHEN Hao-ran, MAO Xue-song, GONG Rong-zhou. Based on graphene tunable dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with wide-angle [J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 1: 194–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.01.051.
LI Ao-bo, ZHAO Xiao-guang, DUAN Guang-wu, ANDERSON S, ZHANG Xin. Metamaterials: Diatom frustule-inspired metamaterial absorbers: The effect of hierarchical pattern arrays [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(22): 1970151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201970151.
ZHANG Bai-hui, LI Hong-jian, XU Hui, ZHAO Ming-zhuo, XIONG Cui-xiu, LIU Chao, WU Kuan. Absorption and slow-light analysis based on tunable plasmon-induced transparency in patterned graphene metamaterial [J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(3): 3598–3608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.003598.
AMANATIADIS S A, KARAMANOS T D, KANTARTZIS N V. Radiation efficiency enhancement of graphene THz antennas utilizing metamaterial substrates [J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2017, 1: 2054–2057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2695521.
SCHURIG D, MOCK J J, JUSTICE B J, CUMMER S A, PENDRY J B, STARR A F, SMITH D R. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies [J]. Science, 2006, 314(5801): 977–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133628.
ZHANG Fu-li, LI Chang, FAN Yuan-cheng, YANG Rui-sheng, SHEN Nian-hai, FU Quan-hong, ZHANG Wei-hong, ZHAO Qian, ZHOU Ji, KOSCHNY T, SOUKOULIS C M. Phase-modulated scattering manipulation for exterior cloaking in metal-dielectric hybrid metamaterials [J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(39): 1903206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903206.
LIN Yu-sheng, LIAO Shao-quan, LIU Xiao-yan, TONG Yan-lin, XU Ze-feng, XU Rui-jia, YAO Dong-yuan, YU Yang-bin. Tunable terahertz metamaterial by using three-dimensional double split-ring resonators [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2019, 1: 215–221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.11.020.
XU Hui, ZHAO Ming-zhuo, CHEN Zhi-quan, ZHENG Ming-fei, XIONG Cui-xiu, ZHANG Bai-hui, LI Hong-jian. Sensing analysis based on tunable Fano resonance in terahertz graphene-layered metamaterials [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 123(20): 203103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5029546.
XU Hui, XIONG Cui-xiu, CHEN Zhi-quan, ZHENG Ming-fei, ZHAO Ming-zhuo, ZHANG Bai-hui, LI Hong-jian. Dynamic plasmon-induced transparency modulator and excellent absorber-based terahertz planar graphene metamaterial [J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 2018, 35(6): 1463–1468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.35.001463.
XU Hui, LI Hong-jian, CHEN Zhi-quan, ZHENG Ming-fei, ZHAO Ming-zhuo, XIONG Cui-xiu, ZHANG Bai-hui. Novel tunable terahertz graphene metamaterial with an ultrahigh group index over a broad bandwidth [J]. Applied Physics Express, 2018, 11(4): 042003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7567/apex.11.042003.
LI Dan, HUANG Hai-long, XIA Hui, ZENG Jian-ping, LI Hong-jian, XIE Ding. Temperature-dependent tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber for the application of light modulator [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1: 659–664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.014.
VISHAL SORATHIYA V D. Numerical study of a high negative refractive index based tunable metamaterial structure by graphene split ring resonator for far infrared frequency [J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 1: 124581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.124581.
CHEN Tian-yi, TANG Wen-xuan, MU Jing, CUI Tie-jun, Microwave metamaterials [J]. Annalen Der Physik, 2019, 531(8): 1800445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800445.
HUANG Hai-long, XIA Hui, XIAN Wen-ke, GUO Zhi-bo, LI Hong-jian. Design of a size-efficient tunable metamaterial absorber based on leaf-shaped cell at near-infrared regions [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1: 1310–1316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.04.048.
LEI Kang, DIDIER Lippens. Mie resonance based left-handed metamaterial in the visible frequency range [J]. Physical Review B, 2011, 83(19): 195125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195125.
XIONG Yi-jun, WANG Yan, WANG Qiang, WANG Chun-qi, HUANG Xiao-zhong, ZHANG Fen, ZHOU Ding. Structural broadband absorbing metamaterial based on three-dimensional printing technology [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(8): 084202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20172262. (in Chinese)
WU Lin, YANG Zhen-yu, ZHAO Ming, ZHENG Yu, DUAN Ji-an, YUAN Xiu-hua. Polarization-insensitive resonances with high quality-factors in meta-molecule metamaterials [J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(12): 14588–14593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.014588.
TANG Wen-xuan, CUI Tie-jun. The engineering way from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiations [J]. EPJ Applied Metamaterials, 2019, 1: 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019007.
LIU Shuo, CUI Tie-jun. Concepts, working principles, and applications of coding and programmable metamaterials [J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(22): 1700624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201700624.
PARAZZOLI C G, GREEGOR R B, LI K, KOLTENBAH B E, TANIELIAN M. Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell’s law [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2003, 90(10): 107401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.107401.
SHELBY R A, SMITH D R, SCHULTZ S. Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction [J]. Science, 2001, 292(5514): 77–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058847.
HINDY M A, ELSAGHEER R M, YASSEEN M S. Experimental retrieval of the negative parameters “permittivity and permeability” based on a circular split ring resonator (CSRR) left handed metamaterial [J]. Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 2018, 5(2): 208–215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.05.004.
SMITH D R, VIER D C, KOSCHNY T, SOUKOULIS C M. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials [J]. Physical Review E: Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2005, 71(3): 036617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617.
HUANG Hai-long, XIA Hui, XIE Wen-ke, GUO Zhi-bo, LI Hong-jian. Design of a size-efficient tunable metamaterial absorber based on leaf-shaped cell at near-infrared regions [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1: 1310–1316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.04.048.
CHENG Yong-zhi, GONG Rong-zhou, WU Lin. Ultra-broadband linear polarization conversion via diode-like asymmetric transmission with composite metamaterial for terahertz waves [J]. Plasmonics, 2017, 12(4): 1113–1120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0365-4.
XIA Sheng-xuan, ZHAI Xiang, HUANG Yu, LIU Jian-qiang, WANG Ling-ling, WEN Shuang-chun. Multi-band perfect plasmonic absorptions using rectangular graphene gratings [J]. Optics letters, 2017, 42(15): 3052–3055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.003052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(2017YFA0204600) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China; Project(51802352) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2019JJ50768) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdulkarim, Y.I., Deng, Lw., Yang, Jl. et al. Tunable left-hand characteristics in multi-nested square-split-ring enabled metamaterials. J. Cent. South Univ. 27, 1235–1246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4363-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4363-5