Abstract
Tunnelling-induced long-term consolidation settlement attracts a great interest of engineering practice. The distribution and magnitude of tunnelling-induced initial excess pore water pressure have significant effects on the long-term consolidation settlement. A simple and reliable method for predicting the tunnel-induced initial excess pore water pressure calculation in soft clay is proposed. This method is based on the theory of elasticity and SKEMPTON’s excess pore water pressure theory. Compared with the previously published field measurements and the finite-element modelling results, it is found that the suggested initial excess pore water pressure theory is in a good agreement with the measurements and the FE results. A series of parametric analyses are also carried out to investigate the influences of different factors on the distribution and magnitude of the initial excess pore water pressure in soft ground.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
PECK R B. Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground [C]// Proc 7th Int Conf on Soil Mech and Found Eng. Mexico City, 1969: 225–290.
ATTEWELL P B, WOODMAN J P. Predicting the dynamics of ground settlements and its derivatives caused by tunnelling in soil [J]. Ground Engineering, 1982, 15(8): 13–22.
SAGASETA C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss [J]. Geotechnique, 1987, 37(3): 301–320.
VERRUIJT A, BOOKER J R. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane [J]. Géotechnique, 1996, 46(4): 753–756.
PARK K. H. Elastic solution for tunnelling-induced ground movements in clays [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2004, 4(4): 310–318.
LOGANATHAN N, POULOS H G. Analytical prediction for tunnelling-induced ground movements in clays [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1998, 124(9): 846–856.
CHI S Y, CHERN J C LIN C C. Optimized back-analysis for tunnelling-induced ground movement using equivalent ground loss model [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16(3): 159–165.
BOBET A. Analytical solutions for shallow tunnels in saturated ground [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2001, 127(12): 1258–1266.
CHOU W I, BOBET A. Predictions of ground deformations in shallow tunnels in clay [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2002, 17(1): 3–19.
YANG J S, LIU B C, WANG M C. Modeling of tunnelling-induced ground surface movements using stochastic medium theory [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2004, 19(2): 113–123.
OSMAN A S, BOLTON M D, MAIR R J. Predicting 2D ground movements around tunnels in undrained clay [J]. Geotechnique, 2006, 56(9): 597–604.
NG R M, LO K Y, ROWE R K. Analysis of field performance-The Thunder Bay tunnel [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1986, 23(1): 30–50.
LEE K M, ROWE R K. An analysis of three-dimensional ground movements: The Thunder Bay tunnel [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1991, 28(1): 25–41.
O’REILLY M P, MAIR R J, ALDERMAN G H. Long-term settlements over tunnels: An eleven-year study at Grimsby [C]// Proceedings of Tunnelling 91: 6th International Symposium. Elsevier, 1991: 55–64.
BOWERS K H, HILLER D M, NEW B M. Ground movement over three years at the Heathrow express rail tunnel [C]// Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground-Preprint Volume of Proceedings from an International Symposium Held at City University. London, UK, 1996: 15–17.
HWANG R N, FAN C B, YANG G R. Consolidation settlements due to tunneling [J]. Proc South East Asian Symposium on Tunnelling and Underground Space Development. Bangkok: Japan Tunnelling Association, 1995: 79–86.
LIANG R Z, PAN J L, LIN C G, SHAN H F. Settlement boundary induced by shield tunnelling in soft Ground [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2014, 48(7): 1148–1154. (in Chinese)
CHEN J J R, HO T Y, CHEN F S, CHAO C S. Consolidation settlements caused by a shield tunnel for the taipei mass rapid transit system [J]. IAHS Publication, 1995(8): 135–140.
FANG Y S, LIN S J, LIN J S. Time and settlement in EPB shield tunneling [J]. Tunnels and Tunnelling, 1993, 25(11): 27–28.
MAIR R J, TAYLOR R N. Theme lecture: Bored tunnelling in the urban environment [R]. XIV ICSMFE [131], 1999: 2353–2385.
WEI Gang. Research on theoretical calculation of long-term ground settlement caused by shield tunneling [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(S1): 2960–2966. (in Chinese)
WONGSAROJ J, SOGA K, MAIR R J. Modelling of long-term ground response to tunnelling under St James’s Park, London [J]. Géotechnique, 2007, 57(1): 75–90.
WONGSAROJ J, SOGA K, MAIR R J. Tunnelling-induced consolidation settlements in London Clay [J]. Géotechnique, 2013, 63(13): 1103–1115.
LEE K M, JI H W, SHEN C K, LIU J H. Ground response to the construction of Shanghai Metro tunnel-line 2 [J]. Soils and Foundations, 1999, 39(3): 113–134.
YI X, ROWE R K, LEE K M. Observed and calculated pore pressures and deformations induced by an earth balance shield [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1993, 30(3): 476–490.
LEE K M, ROWE R K, LO K Y. Subsidence owing to tunnelling. I. Estimating the gap parameter [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1992, 29(6): 929–940.
CHEN R P, ZHU J, LIU W, TANG X W. Ground movement induced by parallel EPB tunnels in silty soils [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2011, 26(1): 163–171.
YU H S, ROWE R K. Plasticity solutions for soil behaviour around contracting cavities and Tunnels [J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23(12): 1245–1279.
SKEMPTON A W. The pore-pressure coefficients A and B [J]. Géotechnique, 1954, 4(4): 143–147.
LOGANATHAN N, POULOS H G, STEWART D P. Centrifuge model testing of tunnelling-induced ground and pile deformations [J]. Geotechnique, 2000, 50(3): 283–294.
LOGANATHAN N, POULOS H G, XU K J. Ground and pile-group responses due to tunneling [J]. Soils and Foundations, 2001, 41(1): 57–67.
TIMOSHENKO P, GOODIER J N. Theory of elasticity [M]. New York: McGraw Hill, 1970: 10–35.
HENKEL D J. The relationships between the strength, pore-water pressure, and volume-change characteristics of saturated clays [J]. Géotechnique, 1959, 9(3): 119–135.
PALMER J H L, BELSHAW D J. Deformations and pore pressures in the vicinity of a precast, segmented, concrete-lined tunnel in clay [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1980, 17(2): 174–184.
NG R M, LO K Y. The measurements of soil parameters relevant to tunnelling in clays [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1985, 22(3): 375–391.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Projects(41472284, U1234204 ) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liang, Rz., Xia, Td., Lin, Cg. et al. Initial excess pore water pressures induced by tunnelling in soft ground. J. Cent. South Univ. 22, 4300–4309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2978-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2978-8