Influence on performance and structure of spinel LiMn₂O₄ for lithium-ion batteries by doping rare-earth Sm

Abstract

The spinel LiMn₂O₄ used as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by mechano-chemistry fluid activation process, and modified by doping rare-earth Sm. Thesting of X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammograms, charge-discharge and SEM was carried out for LiMn₂O₄ cathode materials and the modified materials. The results show that the cathode materials doped rare earth Li_xMn_2−ySm_zO₄ (0.95⩽x⩽1.2, 0⩽y⩽0.3, 0⩽z⩽0.2) exhibit standard spinel structure, high reversibility of electrochemistry and excellent properties of charge-discharge. In EC: DMC(1 : 1)+1 mol/L LiPF₆ electrolyte with discharge capacity more than 130 mA · h/g, and its capacity is deteriorated less than 15% after 300 cycles at room temperature and less than 20% after 200 cycles at 55°C. At the same time, Crystal Field Theory was applied to explain the function and mechanism of doped rare earth element.