Skip to main content
Log in

Improved SAR target recognition by selecting moment methods based on Fisher score

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Signal, Image and Video Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

SAR generates high-resolution images irrespective of any weather condition and solar illumination. Feature-level fusion increases the dimensionally of feature space as well as feature redundancy brought by correlation among the features. In this paper, we propose a technique to select the most discriminative feature extraction techniques based on Fisher score. In this regard, by utilizing different moment methods, we extract moment features and evaluate Fisher scores of particular moment method followed by moment method ranking. Finally, we select top moment methods for feature fusion. The proposed technique improves accuracy while decreasing the feature dimensionality and the feature redundancy. The performance of the proposed method improves individual performances of the moment methods considered. Furthermore, results support the superiority of this proposed moment-based technique over the state-of-the-art methods in the literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cohen, J., Riihimaki, H., Pulliainen, J., et al.: Implications of boreal forest stand characteristics for X-band SAR flood mapping accuracy. Remote Sens. Environ. 186, 47–63 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chini, M., Pierdicca, N., Emery, W.J.: Exploiting SAR and VHR optical images to quantify the damage caused by the 2003 Bam earthquake. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 47(1), 145–152 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, S., Wang, M., Yang, S., et al.: New hierarchical saliency filtering for fast ship detection in high-resolution SAR images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55(1), 351–362 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Erten, E., Lopez-Sanchez, J.M., Yuzugullu, O., et al.: Retrieval of agricultural crop height from space: a comparison of SAR techniques. Remote Sens. Environ. 187, 130–144 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Baranoski, E.J.: Through-wall imaging: historical perspective and future directions. J. Frankl. Inst. 345(6), 556–569 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Ugur, S., Arikan, O.: SAR image reconstruction and autofocus by compressed sensing. Digit. Signal Process. 22(6), 923–932 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhu, X., Jing, X.Y., You, X., Zuo, W., Shan, S., Zheng, W.S.: Image to video person re-identification by learning heterogeneous dictionary pair with feature projection matrix. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 13(3), 717–732 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhu, X., Jing, X.Y., You, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, T.: Video-based person re-identification by simultaneously learning intra-video and inter-video distance metrics. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(11), 5683–5695 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Jing, X.Y., Zhang, D.: A face and palmprint recognition approach based on discriminant DCT feature extraction. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B (Cybern.) 34(6), 2405–2415 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jing, X.Y., Yao, Y.F., Zhang, D., Yang, J.Y., Li, M.: Face and palmprint pixel level fusion and Kernel DCV-RBF classifier for small sample biometric recognition. Pattern Recognit. 40(11), 3209–3224 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Zheng, Y., Jiao, L., Liu, H., et al.: Unsupervised saliency-guided SAR image change detection. Pattern Recognit. 61, 309–326 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lu, J., Plataniotis, J.K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Face recognition using LDA-based algorithms. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 14(1), 195–200 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, H., Pi, Y., Liu, G., Chen, H.: Applications of ICA for the enhancement and classification of polarimetric SAR images. Int. J. Remote Sens. 29(6), 1649–1663 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., Pietikäinen, M.: Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(12), 2037–2041 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Jing, X.Y., Zhu, X., Wu, F., You, X., et al.: Super-resolution person re-identification with semi-coupled low-rank discriminant dictionary learning. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(3), 1363–1378 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Wei, D., Li, Y.: Reconstruction of multidimensional bandlimited signals from multichannel samples in linear canonical transform domain. IET Signal Process. 8(6), 647–657 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wei, D.: Image super-resolution reconstruction using the high-order derivative interpolation associated with fractional filter functions. IET Signal Process. 10(9), 1052–1061 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wei, D., Li, Y.M.: Generalized sampling expansions with multiple sampling rates for lowpass and bandpass signals in the fractional Fourier transform domain. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 64(18), 4861–4874 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Bolourchi, P., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Continuous moment-based features for classification of ground vehicle SAR images. In: Modelling Symposium (EMS), European, IEEE, pp. 53–57 (2016)

  20. Bolourchi, P., Moradi, M., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Feature fusion for classification enhancement of ground vehicle SAR images. In: 2017 UKSim-AMSS 19th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), IEEE, pp. 90–95 (2017)

  21. Hosny, K.M.: Exact Legendre moment computation for grey level images. Pattern Recognit. 40(12), 3597–3605 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Hosny, K.M.: Image representation using accurate orthogonal Gegenbauer moments. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 32(6), 795–804 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yap, P.T., Paramesram, R.: Jacobi moments as image features. Int. J. Pattern Recognit Artif Intell. 7(6), 594–597 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yap, P.T., Paramesran, R., Ong, S.H.: Image analysis by Krawtchouk moments. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 12(11), 1367–1377 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Flusser, J., Suk, T., Zitova, B.: Moments and Moment Invariants in Pattern Recognition. Wiley, Chichester (2009)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Khotanzad, A., Hong, Y.H.: Invariant image recognition by Zernike moments. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(14), 13–118 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Haddadnia, J., Faez, K., Ahmadi, M.: An efficient human face recognition system using pseudo Zernike moment invariant and radial basis function neural network. Int. J. Pattern Recognit Artif Intell. 17(1), 41–62 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Singh, C., Ranade, S.K.: A high capacity image adaptive watermarking scheme with radial harmonic Fourier moments. Digit. Signal Process. 23(5), 1470–1482 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhu, H., Yang, Y., Gui, Z., Zhu, Y., Chen, Z.: Image analysis by generalised Chebyshev–Fourier and generalised pseudo-Jacobi–Fourier moments. Pattern Recognit. 51, 1–11 (2016)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Sheng, Y.L., Shen, L.X.: Orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments for invariant pattern recognition. Opt. Soc. Am. 11, 1748–1757 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ping, Z., Ren, H., Zou, J., Sheng, Y., Bo, W.: Generic orthogonal moments: Jacobi–Fourier moments for invariant image description. Pattern Recognit. 40(4), 1245–1254 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Bolourchi, P., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Target recognition in SAR images using radial Chebyshev moments. Signal Image Video Process 11, 1033–1040 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Jing, X.Y., Wu, F., Dong, X., Xu, B.: An improved SDA based defect prediction framework for both within-project and cross-project class-imbalance problems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 43(4), 321–339 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Li, Z., Jing, X.Y., Zhu, X., Zhang, H., Xu, B., Ying, S.: On the multiple sources and privacy preservation issues for heterogeneous defect prediction. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 43, 1–18 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bolourchi, P., Moradi, M., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Random forest feature selection for SAR-ATR. In: UKSim-AMSS 20th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), pp. 90–95 (2018)

  36. Sensor Data Management System (SDMS) Public website. https://www.sdms.afrl.af.mil. Last visited on 12 Jan 2017

  37. Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Todorovic, S., Li, J.N.: Adaptive boosting for SAR automatic target recognition. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 43(1), 112–125 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu, Q., Zhu, H., Li, Q.: Object recognition by combined invariants of orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments, In: International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, pp. 1–5 (2011)

  39. Ying-Dong, Q., Cheng-Song, C., San-Ben, C., Jin-Quan, L.: A fast subpixel edge detection method using Sobel–Zernike moments operator. Image Vis. Comput. 23(1), 11–17 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Bolourchi, P., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Entropy-score-based feature selection for moment-based SAR image classification. Electron. Lett. 54, 593–595 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Berry, M.W.: Survey of text mining. Clust. Classif. Retr. 10, 978-1 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Bolourchi, P., Moradi, M., Demirel, H., Uysal, S.: Ensembles of classifiers for improved SAR image recognition using pseudo Zernike moments. J. Def. Model. Simul. Appl. Methodol. Technol. 1, 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512919844610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Chang, C.-C., Lin, C.-J.: LIBSVM a library for support vector machines. https://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/cjlin/libsvm. Last visited on 01 Feb 2017

  44. PRTools a Matlab toolbox for pattern recognition. http://prtools.org. Last visited on 2 Feb 2019

  45. Tahmasbi, A., Saki, F., Shokouhi, S.B.: Classification of benign and malignant masses based on Zernike moments. Comput. Biol. Med. 41(8), 726–735 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhao, Q., Principe, J.C.: Support vector machines for SAR automatic target recognition. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 37(2), 643–654 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang, B., Huang, Y., Yang, J., Wu, J.: A feature extraction method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition based on maximum interclass distance. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 54(9), 2520–2524 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Huang, X., Nie, X., Wu, W., Qiao, H., Zhang, B.: SAR target configuration recognition based on the biologically inspired model. Neurocomputing 234, 185–191 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Yuan, X., Tang, T., Xiang, D., Li, Y., Su, Y.: Target recognition in SAR imagery based on local gradient ratio pattern. Int. J. Remote Sens. 35(3), 857–870 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Cui, Z., Cao, Z., Yang, J., Feng, J., Ren, H.: Target recognition in synthetic aperture radar images via non-negative matrix factorisation. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 9(2), 1376–1385 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Liu, S., Li, D., et al.: Sparse coding of 2D-slice Zernike moments for SAR ATR Sparse coding of 2D-slice Zernike moments for SAR ATR. Int. J. Remote Sens. 38(2), 412–431 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Deng, S., Du, L., Li, C., Ding, J., Liu, H.: SAR automatic target recognition based on euclidean distance restricted autoencoder. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 10(7), 3323–3333 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pouya Bolourchi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bolourchi, P., Moradi, M., Demirel, H. et al. Improved SAR target recognition by selecting moment methods based on Fisher score. SIViP 14, 39–47 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01521-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01521-5

Keywords

Navigation