Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Gardenia Fruit Oil and the Analysis of Functional Components

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of whole fruit oil from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was performed. The effect of extraction pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate on the oil yield was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that experimental data had a good fit to the proposed model (R 2 = 0.938). Extraction pressure, CO2 flow rate, the quadratics of pressure, and the interaction between pressure and flow rate showed significant effects on the oil yield (p < 0.05). The optimum parameters that maximized the yield of gardenia fruit oil (GFO) were: extraction pressure of 36.8 MPa, temperature of 65 °C, and CO2 flow rate of 15 kg/h. The main fatty acid of GFO was linoleic acid (about 44%), followed by palmitic acid (about 26.4%) and oleic acid (about 24.6%). α-Tocopherol was dominant in the total tocopherols of GFO, and showed the main antioxidant activity. The fatty acid composition and tocopherols content of GFO were not remarkably affected by the extraction by SC-CO2 and n-hexane.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang SC, Tseng TY, Huang CM, Tsai TH (2004) Gardenia herbal active constituents: applicable separation procedures. J Chromatogr B 812:193–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Watanabe T, Terabe S (2000) Analysis of natural food pigments by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 880:311–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen QC, Zhang WY, Youn U, Kim H, Lee I, Jung HJ, Na M, Min BS, Bae K (2009) Iridoid glycosides from Gardeniae Fructus for treatment of ankle sprain. Phytochemistry 70:779–784

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Karim AA, Abbas KA, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM (2009) Application of supercritical CO2 in lipid extraction—a review. J Food Eng 95:240–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Özkal SG, Yener ME, Bayındırlı L (2005) Response surfaces of apricot kernel oil yield in supercritical carbon dioxide. LWT-Food Sci Technol 38:611–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Xu X, Gao Y, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhao J (2008) Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë thamnoides L.) oil using response surface methodology. LWT-Food Sci Technol 41:1223–1231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu GM, Xu X, Hao QF, Gao YX (2009) Supercritical CO2 extraction optimization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil using response surface methodology. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42:1491–1495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. He HP, Corke H, Cai JG (2003) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil and squalene from Amaranthus grain. J Agric Food Chem 51:7921–7925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liyana-Pathirana C, Shahidi F (2005) Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology. Food Chem 93:47–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramadan MF, Kroh LW, Mörsel JT (2003) Radical scavenging activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) crude seed oils and oil fractions. J Agric Food Chem 51:6961–6969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Koleva II, Niederländer HAG, Van Beek TA (2000) An on-line HPLC method for detection of radical scavenging compounds in complex mixture. Anal Chem 72:2323–2328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Koleva II, Niederländer HAG, Van Beek TA (2001) Application of ABTS radical cation for selective on-line detection of radical scavengers in HPLC eluates. Anal Chem 73:3373–3381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Niederländer HAG, Van Beek TA, Bartasiute A, Koleva II (2008) Antioxidant activity assays on-line with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1210:121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Valavanidis A, Nisiotou C, Papageorgiou Y, Kremli I, Satravelas N, Zinieris N, Zygalaki H (2004) Comparison of the radical scavenging potential of polar and lipidic fractions of olive oil and other vegetable oils under normal conditions and after thermal treatment. J Agric Food Chem 52:2358–2365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Devittori C, Gumy D, Kusy A, Colarow L, Bertoli C, Lambelet P (2000) Supercritical fluid extraction of oil from millet bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc 77:573–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu S, Yang F, Zhang C, Ji H, Hong P, Deng C (2009) Optimization of process parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Passiflora seed oil by response surface methodology. J Supercrit Fluid 48:9–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gómez AM, De La Ossa EM (2000) Quality of wheat germ oil extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. J Am Oil Chem Soc 77:969–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Oliveira R, Rodrigues MF, Bernardo-Gil MG (2002) Characterization and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of walnut oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 79:225–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gunstone FD (2004) The chemistry of oils and fats: sources, composition, properties and uses. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Wenhao He, Yanxiang Gao, Fang Yuan, Yani Bao, Fengze Liu & Jianqing Dong

Authors
  1. Wenhao He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yanxiang Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fang Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yani Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fengze Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jianqing Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanxiang Gao.

About this article

Cite this article

He, W., Gao, Y., Yuan, F. et al. Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Gardenia Fruit Oil and the Analysis of Functional Components. J Am Oil Chem Soc 87, 1071–1079 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1592-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1592-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation